Third time is a Charm Essay Example For Students

Third time is a Charm Essay Their Eyes Were Watching God, by Zora Hurston is narrated in the eyes of a black woman named Janie. Janie was brought up in the age when blacks where free, but she was still under a social law inherited from her family which kept her bound. Janies grandmother and her first two husbands suppress her into a cocoon and it was not until she met her third husband Tea Cake, that she was able to break free and fly away like a butterfly. Janies grandmother had lived in the time of slavery, raising her under strict customs, in which men and women were not equal. Under her grandmothers guidance, Janie was required to marry solely based on a custom that is dependent on a man to provide for the woman. At this time, Janie did not intend to marry, but her grandmother wanted to insure Janies safety and told her, Taint Logan Killicks Ah wants you to have, baby, its protection (Hurston 15). Janies grandmother would at least pass on, knowing her granddaughter is with a man who could provide for her. J anies grandmother implicitly says, Neither can you stand alone by yoself Ah got tuh try and do for you befo mah head is cold(15), showing an effort to make Janie dependent on a man . We will write a custom essay on Third time is a Charm specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Janie struggles to find some sign of love from her new husband Logan, but does not find love where love should be; all she finds is coldness and a husband who wants submission from his wife. It was Logans intention to mold his new wife and told Janie, Thought Ahd take and make somethin outa yuh (30), confirming an attempt to make her submissive and by letting her know how he feels about her role in the marriage when he says, You aint got no particular place. Its wherever Ah need yuh(31). All Logan expects from Janie is obedience. Logan expects her to stop what she is doing to help him, regardless if Janie believes if it is her place or not. Experience in a one sided marriage, persuades Janie to explore a different route in her freedom.After Logan wanted Janie to work like a man, she meets her future second husband, Joe Starks and runs away with him to get married. Joe is a black man, full of ambition and of authoritarian ways, but Janie does not realize this until after he sweeps he r off to a new town.Joe suppresses Janie so much that she felt as if, She was a rut in the roadPlenty of life beneath the surface but it was kept beaten down by the wheels(76). Even though Janie was approaching her forties later on in her marriage, she still was young for her age and life was about to be stifled. Every chance Joe had, he would keep Janie from being a part of life, he kept her shut up in a cocoon and made sure she knew her place under him. Joe had numerous chances as the mayor of a little black community, to let Janie express herself as a woman in politics. As the mayors wife, Janie should be allowed to give her view to the public, because she was a public figure. Joe would not allow this to happen as he explained why when he told the town, but mah wife dont know nothing bout no speech-makin Shes uh woman and her place is in de home (43). Janie would have liked a choice to make a speech, but Joe spoke for her. Although Joe gave her material comforts, Janie never felt free to do things she enjoyed explaining, but Jody wouldnt low me tuh. When Ah wasnt in de store he wanted me tuh jes sit wid folded hands and sit dere(112). Janie was locked away in Joes world and he kept the key. Joe provided a comfort of living for Janie, but she sought a comfort of mind; which Joe could not provide, because of his overbearing and possessive attitude towards her. Following Joe Starks death, Janies world changed dramatically for the good when she met her third husband, Tea Cake. He did not have much to offer Janie in regards to material things, but he did offer her freedom to express herself. The first few times Tea Cake visited Janie; he taught her to play checkers. Janie was immediately impressed with him and the freedom to play a mans game, she soon let him into her heart. Tea Cake opened Janies cocoon and let her out by letting her do things she was never able to do until now. They fished, hunted, danced and did various other activities Janie had never had th e opportunity to do. Janie had been with Tea Cake for two years, when they experienced a hurricane, and Janie surmises under the foul weather conditions, Its so many people never seen de light at all. Ah wuz fumblin round and God opened de door(159). Janie was telling her husband, that under the circumstances of possible death, she was able to see the light, which God had furnished her with an Angel of a husband and she was satisfied with him. After several years of suppression by her grandmother and two husbands, Janie was on the verge of depression, but Janie was able to begin a new life with Tea Cake. He brought the best out of Janie by letting her be free. Even after Tea Cake died, he was not dead to Janie. Of course he was wasnt dead. He could never be dead until she herself had finished feeling and thinking(193).It was Tea Cake who broke open her cocoon to let her fly free. Bibliography:Works CitedHurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God. New York: HarperPerennial, 1 998.

Free Essays on Trig

Take an x-axis and an y-axis (orthonormal) and let o be the origin. A circle centered in o and with radius = 1, is called a trigonometric circle or unit circle. Turning counterclockwise is the positive orientation in trigonometry. Angles are measured starting from the x-axis. Two units to measure an angle are degrees and radians An orthogonal angle = 90 degrees = pi/2 radians In this theory we use mainly radians. With each real number t corresponds just one angle, and just one point p on the unit circle, when we start measuring on the x-axis. We call that point the image point of t. Examples: with pi/6 corresponds the angle t and point p on the circle. with -pi/2 corresponds the angle u and point q on the circle. Trigonometric numbers of a real number t With t radians corresponds exactly one point p on the unit circle. The x-coordinate of p is called the cosine of t. We write cos(t). The y-coordinate of p is called the sine of t. We write sin(t). The number sin(t)/cos(t) is called the tangent of t. We write tan(t). The number cos(t)/sin(t) is called the cotangent of t. We write cot(t). The number 1/cos(t) is called the secant of t. We write sec(t) The number 1/sin(t) is called the cosecant of t. We write csc(t) The line with equation sin(t).x - cos(t).y = 0 contains the origin and point p(cos(t),sin(t)). So this line is op. On this line we take the intersection point s(1,?) with the line x=1. It is easy to see that ? = tan(t). So tan(t) is the y-coordinate of the point s. Analogous cotan(t) is the x-coordinate of the intersection point s' of the line op with the line y=1. Basic formulas With t radians corresponds exactly one point p(cos(t),sin(t)) on the unit circle. The square of the distance [op] = 1. Calculating this distance with the coordinates of p we have for each t : cos ²(t) + sin ²(t) = 1 sin ²(t) cos ²(t)+sin ²(t) 1... Free Essays on Trig Free Essays on Trig Take an x-axis and an y-axis (orthonormal) and let o be the origin. A circle centered in o and with radius = 1, is called a trigonometric circle or unit circle. Turning counterclockwise is the positive orientation in trigonometry. Angles are measured starting from the x-axis. Two units to measure an angle are degrees and radians An orthogonal angle = 90 degrees = pi/2 radians In this theory we use mainly radians. With each real number t corresponds just one angle, and just one point p on the unit circle, when we start measuring on the x-axis. We call that point the image point of t. Examples: with pi/6 corresponds the angle t and point p on the circle. with -pi/2 corresponds the angle u and point q on the circle. Trigonometric numbers of a real number t With t radians corresponds exactly one point p on the unit circle. The x-coordinate of p is called the cosine of t. We write cos(t). The y-coordinate of p is called the sine of t. We write sin(t). The number sin(t)/cos(t) is called the tangent of t. We write tan(t). The number cos(t)/sin(t) is called the cotangent of t. We write cot(t). The number 1/cos(t) is called the secant of t. We write sec(t) The number 1/sin(t) is called the cosecant of t. We write csc(t) The line with equation sin(t).x - cos(t).y = 0 contains the origin and point p(cos(t),sin(t)). So this line is op. On this line we take the intersection point s(1,?) with the line x=1. It is easy to see that ? = tan(t). So tan(t) is the y-coordinate of the point s. Analogous cotan(t) is the x-coordinate of the intersection point s' of the line op with the line y=1. Basic formulas With t radians corresponds exactly one point p(cos(t),sin(t)) on the unit circle. The square of the distance [op] = 1. Calculating this distance with the coordinates of p we have for each t : cos ²(t) + sin ²(t) = 1 sin ²(t) cos ²(t)+sin ²(t) 1...

Pros and Cons of Joining a Teachers Union

Pros and Cons of Joining a Teachers Union One decision that a new teacher may face is whether or not they should join a teachers union. In some cases, it is not a choice at all. In eighteen states, it is legal to force teachers to support a union by requiring teachers who are not members to pay a fee to a union as a condition of continued employment. Those states include Alaska, California, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Washington, and Wisconsin. In the other states, it becomes an individual choice as to whether or not you want to join a teachers union. It ultimately comes down to whether or not you believe the pros of joining a teachers union outweigh the cons. Advantages There are many valid reasons that you should consider joining a union. Those can include: Teachers unions can provide legal protection and advice. In todays lawsuit-happy society, this protection alone can be worth becoming a member.Teachers unions provide support, guidance, and advice. Most teachers unions have a helpline that its members can call to seek counsel in a variety of areas.Teachers unions allow you a voice in hot educational trends, debates, and topics that you feel strongly about.Joining a teachers union gives power to the bargaining position of the union for contract and labor negotiations.Teachers unions provide several discount program opportunities, including life insurance benefits, credit card opportunities, mortgage assistance, etc.They often offer terrific professional development opportunities for members. Even if you live in a state where they cannot legally force your hand to join a union, you may find yourself being pressured to do so by other teachers. This is because teachers unions are a powerful entity. There is strength in numbers. The more members a union has, the bigger voice they have. Unions to Join Deciding what union you join is typically dictated by the district in which you work. Usually, when you join a local union, you join the state and national affiliated with that union. Most districts are entrenched with one affiliate and so it can be tough to join another one. The two biggest national unions include: National Education Association (NEA) - It is the largest education union in the United States. It is typically referred to as Democratic in its ideology. It was formed in 1857.American Federation of Teachers (AFT) - It is the second largest educational union in the United States. It is typically referred to as Republican in its ideology. It was formed in 1916. Not Just for Teachers Most teachers unions offer membership to a variety of roles within schools. Those include teachers (including higher education faculty/staff), administrators, educational support professionals (custodians, maintenance, bus drivers, cafeteria personnel, administrative assistants, school nurses, etc.), retired teachers, college students in education programs, and substitute teachers. Disadvantages In states where you are not essentially forced to join a teachers union, then it becomes an individual choice as to whether you want to join a union or not. There are several reasons that an individual may not choose to join a union. These include: You dont agree with union politics. As mentioned before, the NEA is typically a Democratic association while the AFT is typically a Republican association. Sometimes individuals do not agree with those political stances or a particular stance the union takes on an issue that often does not have anything to do with education. Teachers who have political views contrary to the positions taken by unions may not want to support the union.Union fees are expensive. Most teachers are already cashed strapped, particularly first-year teachers. Every little bit can help, so many teachers feel like the value of joining a union and its benefits are not worth the monetary costs.You don’t believe you need it. Some teachers believe that they do not need the services provided by a teachers union and that there are not enough benefits to warrant holding membership.

Single, Married, Separated and Life after Divorce Essay

Single, Married, Separated and Life after Divorce - Essay Example many convincing bible verse evidences, the author proposes that the spouses must strive to keep their marriage alive, resolving individual or family risk and enhancing resilience. The intended audience of Munroe Myles’s book is anyone who can read a book. The audience includes married and single readers. The audience includes the separated or divorced readers. The audience target includes people who are currently in love or breaking out of love. Singleness. â€Å"One lady approached the author stating â€Å"I can’t take it anymore. I am tired of being single. I need a mate now. I am growing older, and life is passing me by (Munroe 11).† The author describes that there are many advantage to being single. First, one will have a unique person. There is no nagging spouse or noisy children. The cultural, social, and economic tenets of society dictates that it is best for a person to get married, a world order (2 Cor 4:4) Further, the author reiterates that the bible does not equate being single as bad or equate being single as being alone. Being single is not the same as being alone. The author insists that one should not marry until one is totally singe. To marry, one must first be separate, unique, and a whole person (Munroe 12). Often marriages crumble into separation or divorce because the marriage partners are not unique or single. The goal of the Christian life is to be separate, unique, and whole person, a vessel that holds a priceless treasure, Jesus Christ (2 Cor 4:7) (Munroe 14). Married. The author insists that the traditional concept of marriage is that it is the basic building block or foundation of society. The reiterates that â€Å"marriage works perfectly only if the right ingredients are mixed together (Munroe 68).† The lack of the minimum required ingredient declines to the state of separation or divorce. Further, the author insists that one should marry only to comply with God’s will (Munroe 140).When the marriage breaks up; society also

Torts Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Torts Law - Essay Example condition of the fishing equipment, the service provider brushed it aside in a casual manner saying no untoward incident had happened in the past 25 years generally without paying attention to the particular boat and equipment. It is not the case of the service provider that even if the fishing equipment had been in good condition, the accident could not have been averted given the fact hooking of such a huge fish is capable of leading to such an eventuality as not a foreseeable risk and presence of tuna fish in that coastal area is a rare phenomenon. Hence the Family Friendly Vessel’s owner is clearly responsible for the injuries suffered by Mickey’s wife June and his daughter Gina. Lord Atkin in Donoghue v Stevenson1 (1932) laid down that in tortious liability due to negligence, the above requirements of duty of care, breach of that duty and loss and damage due to that breach should be met. In fact Donoghue case gives liberty to proceed against those who are not privy to the contract unlike in the present case wherein there was definitely a contract that existed between Family Friendly Fishing and the Mickey family. Hence it is all the more appropriate to hold the vessel owner directly liable to June and Gina for loss they have suffered. This principle laid down in Donohue v Stevenson was adopted in Australia in Grant v Australian Knitting Mills and Another.2, though both were from the House of Lords. The Family Friendly Fishing can not avoid the damages under the pretext of the inherent risk involved in such dangerous sports because, but for the defect this mishap would not have occurred. The res ipsa loquitur doctrine can not come to the rescue of Family Friendly Fishing. The doctrine is understood as â€Å"Control [by the defendant manufacturer] during the process of manufacture was sufficient, once the plaintiff has eliminated himself and other extraneous forces as likely causes of the injury†3 They had the duty of

Goal of My Life Essay Example for Free

Goal of My Life Essay There are many goals in life that I have planned to accomplish. When I was in high school the most important goal was to finish the school with a G. P. A. 3. 0 or higher so that I could get into prestigious colleges. I have accomplished that goal, I graduated high school with a 3. 2 G. P. A. However, when I got into college people start asking me, â€Å"What are you planning to do after you finish college? † This is one of the toughest questions for a college student. Since I have been a student for all my life, I would have a hard time to answer the question. For every typical graduates would do is to find a job that suits with the field that they have learnt or help with their family business. People said that if you don’t have any idea on what you really want to do in your life, start with the things that interests you, things that you enjoy doing. Therefore, my goals in life are to take care of my parents when they are old, marry the best man, help the community, get a good job that makes me happy and gives me enough money to support my family. The first major goal in my life is to take care of my parents because in the Buddhist world, taught me that to take care of your parents is the most virtuous thing in life. Parents are the people that give birth and raise me to be a good person in the society, therefore I have to give back what they have given me for all their lives. The second goal in my life would be every girls’ dream that is to marry the best man (on earth). These days to find the right guy is very difficult thing to do because it is almost impossible. From the research of 100 guys, found that at least 50 guys are gay, 20 guys are married, 10 are in jail, 5 became monks, 5 are unattractive, 5 are disabled, 3 have HIV, 1 is in asylum(27 August 2012). However, I still believe that every person are destine to be with someone, and I will find my best man someday. Another goal in my life is to help others. I believe that every people should learn how to give and take, it’s the only way to make this world a better place. When you make more then you should give back more. By that I mean helping the community. I may not be able to donate tons of money to the people in need but I started off with little things such as littering in proper places and donate essentials to the orphanage. And in the future I would promote education for children that are in need. My last important goal is to get a good job with ood money. In this life I don’t expected to be a millionaire, I just want a job that makes me happy and gives me enough money to support my family. The reason why I don’t want to be a millionaire is because when you make more money, money will consume more of your time and you won’t be able to enjoy your happiness. I have set these goals to remind me that these are the reasons why I am here. And everyday that I live, everything that I do more or less would help me to accomplish these goals.

Placebo Effect :: essays research papers

The Placebo Effect   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The activity I chose to write about was on Dr. Walter A. Brown’s article in Scientific American about placebos and their effect on the patients. His article described what a placebo is and if it is ethical for doctors to prescribe this “treatment'; to their patients.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dr. Brown, who is a psychologist at Brown University, decided to do a study on the effects of a placebo. A placebo is any treatment or drug with no medicinal value that is given to a patient to relieve symptoms of an ailment. His hypothesis in the article focused on if the placebos had any effect on the patients who took them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To test his hypothesis, Dr. Brown and his colleagues performed experiments on patients who had depression. To test his idea, he employed what is known as the “double blind technique.'; This type of experimentation involves that neither the doctors nor the patients know if they are receiving the real “stuff'; or simply sugar pills (placebos). Only the experimenters know who gets what. What this supposedly does is that the patient will mentally think that the doctor is giving him/her the real drug and they will soon be feeling better. When in reality, it is themselves, not the medicine, which makes them feel better. These are the findings of Dr. Brown.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In his experiments on the placebos, he found that the placebo can make a person feel better, but it can also have no effect what-so-ever. In his study of the depressed patients, about 50% of the subjects with normal levels of cortisone benefited from the placebo, whereas, only about 35% of the depressed patients benefited from the drug. This led Dr. Brown to realize that there are other factors in treating depression. He found that the persons with short-term depression responded more favorably to the placebo than those with long-term depression.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Other doctors also performed “placebo experiments'; to realize if it really works. One example would be of the experiments led by Edmunds G. Diamond of the University of Kansas Medical Center in the 1950’s. His research involved the surgery to treat angina pectoris. He had a set of 18 patients suffering from this ailment have common surgery to relieve this symptom. In 13 of the patients, the doctors actually performed the operation, however in the other five, all they did was make an incision in the chest and sew it back up.

Major Differences Between Classical Athens and Han China

Major Differences Between Classical Athens and Han China Classical Athens and the Han Dynasty In China were two of the most famous and successful early clvlllzatlons. Even though they were In different geographical regions and existed In different centuries, they were both able to make there civilizations relevant in different ways. The differences in these civilizations include size/ population and geographically where the civilization was, their government, and their different ways of life.Size/population and geography were big differences between Classical Athens and the Han Dynasty in China. Where each civilization was located is one of the many major differences between the Han Dynasty and Classical Athens. According to Document A, the Han Dynasty is shown to be near the Pacific Ocean on the other side of Asia, putting the civilization basically in isolation.On the other hand, although Athens Is near the Eurasian Steppes near the Aegean and Mediterranean Sea which would allow ma ke trading with other countries Ilke Persia and Egypt easier because the Mediterranean Sea was a great trading ground during the times of Classical Athens. Size also Is a big difference because Athens Is a city In the area of Attica hile The Han Dynasty is a little bit small than the current size of China today. Population were also two other big differences between the Han Dynasty in China and Classical Athens.According to Document B and Document C, the ratio of people living in Athens Compared to the Han Dynasty was largely in the Han Dynasty's favor. Classical Athens population in the year 432 BCE was composed of about 50,000 free male citizens, 50,000 free male non-citizens (citizens under the age of 18 and residents without Athenian parentage), 100,000 free females and 115,000 slaves for a total of about 315,000 people. The Han Dynasty on the other hand was roughly 200 times the size of Classical Athens population wise.There were an estimated 1,000 emperors and appointed offici als, 130,000 educated bureaucrats, 1 landed aristocracy, 58,500,000 peasant farmers and some skilled urban workers, 50,000 merchants, and 5,000,000 unskilled workers, street artist and household slaves for a grand total of roughly 65,000,000 people. Although these numbers can not be the accurate actual populations of both civilizations, these documents give a basic understanding as to how big each civilization was.These numbers concerning the wo civilizations show how different population wise each civilization was with Classical Athens looking relatively small compared to the Han Dynasty. The governments of both The Han Dynasty and Classical Athens were also different. Classical Athens had a democratic type of government while The Han Dynasty had a monarchical/central type of government. Many citizens in Classical Athens viewed democracy as a the role model for other countries and a precedent for future governments.Indeed, Athens' democracy did set a precedent for many democracies today because there are many glaring slmllarltles between Classical Athens' democracy and a current democracy today such as the united States of Amerlca. Slmllarltles Include tne Atnenlan AssemDly ana todays current electlons on laws and future leaders because both are using a representative type of government (Document E).According to Pericles in Document D, Classical Athen's government was the best form of government because the administration of the government is in the hands of all the people, very unlike the Han Dynastys government which, because of the Mandate of Heaven, kept the government of the Han Dynasty in the hands of the oyal family passing down the dynasty from generation to generation in the Han family (Document F).The Han Dynastys governments main focus was expanding the powers of bureaucracy which would play a very pivotal role in the amount of territory controlled by the dynasty. The emperors of the dynasty would also appoint officials to be in charge of each part of his territory in the name of the emperor. The appointed officials would act very much like an emperor to the section of the territory they were assigned (Document G). This is very different from Classical Athens because ClassicalAthens had a representative type of democracy where they would have a representative represent their point of view on a issue where as in the Han Dynasty, all decisions and issues were decided by either the officials of the sections approved by the emperor of the emperor himself. In Classical Athens, according to Pericles in Document H, a good citizen of Athens must be well informed on general politics because it is for the well being of Athens since every citizen is involved in the deciding of issues, laws, etc.That would not be the case in the Han Dynasty because hatever the emperor says goes and the citizens can only follow the law. Document I talks about the time after the Athenians lost their war with Sparta and their democratic government was destr oyed. Instead their government transformed into a type of monarchy where their main focus was on the enemies inside and outside of Athens that would try to overthrow them.This is important because of the way Classical Athens had converted to a kind of monarchy that was similar to the Han Dynasty with the fact that is was a type of monarchy but still different because in the Han Dynasty if you were able to pass the test to become a government official, you could be a part of the government whereas during this time in Classical Athens, there was group of men and only those men who controlled the government. Confucius in Document J talks about how any person who is doing good to others can have influence upon the government which would also mean they are a part of the government.This is very much Confucius' was of interpreting representation in the Han Dynasty's government, difference from Classical Athens because Athens' emocracy directly lets citizens have a say in the government whi le the Han Dynasty indirectly lets their citizens have a say in the government. An additional document of an average citizen living in both Classical Athens and the Han Dynasty would create a greater understanding and another point of view on both how effective and successful each government was.Both governments were able to lead to the relative success of each civilization, however both governments ways of making their civilization successful in different ways. Living in two different parts of the world, Classical Athens' way of life is completely ifferent from the Han Dynastys way of life. According to Document L, The Han Dynasty was a very isolated and kept to themselves while Document K shows the Greek culture of the Ancient Olympics which was the gathering of Greeks to celeorate, very mucn OITTerent Trom tne cnlnese culture 0T Isolation.Also In tne Han Dynasty the child was the lesser between the parent and the child. Filial Piety is the child showing respect to the parents whi le working for them, showing that the elders are more important that the child in the Han Dynasty's way of life (Document P). The heory that the parent is more important than the child is also shown in Document O in which Wan Can explains an event where he saw a woman let go of her child in the weeds and the woman walk away, basically condemning the baby to a death sentence.The note beneath the document also gives more evidence to this idea, stating that in order to limit family size, abandonment and infanticide were accepted means in the Han Dynasty and usually occurred on the third day of the infants life where the parents would then decide whether to let the infant live or die. Although his also occurred in Classical Athens, many people, including Socrates, do not agree with this practice (Document M).

Medication Errors Essay

Approximately, 1.5 million people are injured in the United States due to medication related errors. Errors involving prescription medications kill up to 7,000 Americans per year, according to the Institute of Medicine, and that the financial costs of drug-related morbidity and mortality may run nearly $77 billion a year. FDA also reviews about 1,400 reports of medication errors per month. Before administering a medication, it is the responsibility of the nurse to ensure that the right patient is receiving the right medication, for the right reason/s, the right dosage and route, at the right time. Whoever administers the medication is ultimately responsible for any error that may occur. Therefore it is the nurse’s duty to report a medication error is accordance with facility protocol. The nurse is supposed to notify the physician and monitor the patient for any adverse reactions related to the error. An incident report is also done and is used by the hospital for reeducation t o avoid future occurrences. Failure to report or take appropriate action when a medication error occurs may lead to loss of employment, action by the state board of nurses, civil or criminal changes. It is the nurse’s responsibility to document appropriately, in a timely manner, and failure to do so is also considered a medication error. Students` Legal Role and Responsibility: Student nurses have the responsibility to acquire theoretical and clinical skills necessary to deliver the best of care to the public. It is a student’s responsibility to communicate with the assigned staff nurse constantly and their clinical instructors as well. Most errors occur with medications that a give during the non standard hours, including early morning. Students and staff nurses should use the same MAR and bring the patient’s MAR to the bedside and document drug administration immediately after the patient has taken the medications. Hence clear communication between student and staff nurse, as well as the instructor is of utmost importance in decreasing the risk of making medication omission errors. Anxiety makes a student prone to medication errors as well. Breathing  exercises have proven effective in relieving anxiety. Medication errors lead may lead to dismissal from a nursing program. Depending on the severity and frequency of medication errors by stud ents, the school may lose its privilege to practice in some facilities. Therefore it is important that student avoid making any medication errors. Medication errors and years of experience Administration errors reflect knowledge deficits, with errors declining in the first few years of clinical experience (C. G. Bailey, et al.). Each year of experience, up to 6 years, reduced the risk of error by 10.9% and serious error by 18.5% (J. Westbrook et al. 2013) These findings suggests that inexperienced nurses constantly require training and supervision with a focus on correct medication administration. Knowledge gained from this study I learnt that the nurse are the doctor’s eyes and ears; and they rely on them to identify errors, changes of condition, abnormal lab values etceteras so that they may prescribe the right medication appropriately. It is important to always have your reference material available such as, drug reference book, patho-physiology reference book etceteras; because medication administration goes beyond just following the doctor’s written order and giving the patient the medication. If a nurse does not know why the medication is being given, they are not be able to identify an error before administering, or know when to hold the medication and notifying a physician. Good clinical practice begins while a nurse is in school; therefore it is crucial to always comply with facility protocol. Hence knowledge deficit compromises the patient’s safety. Reference C. G. Bailey, B.S. Engel, J.N. Luescher, M.L.Taylor: (date unknown) Medication Errors In Relation To Education & Medication Errors In Relation To Years of Nursing J., Treiber L. When the 5 rights go wrong: medication errors from the nursing perspective. Journal of Nursing Care Qual 2010;25:240–7 Experience: retrieved July 31 2013 from http://www.lagrange.edu/resources/pdf/citations/nursing/Medication%20Errors.pdf J. I. Westbrook, A. Woods, Rob MI, et al. (2010) Association of

Examining Americas Foster Care System Services Social Work Essay Essays

Examining Americas Foster Care System Services Social Work Essay Essays Examining Americas Foster Care System Services Social Work Essay Essay Examining Americas Foster Care System Services Social Work Essay Essay Foster attention is a societal service plan that provides impermanent, out-of-home attention to kids whose households are unable to supply a healthy, stable environment. Unfortunately, most kids are placed following a substantiated study of disregard or maltreatment. Placement can besides happen due to parental issues, homelessness and emotional or behavioural jobs on the portion of the kid. Foster kids remain in the attention of the province until precipitating state of affairss are resolved, parents relinquish their rights or are terminated, the kid is adopted or the kid ages out ( becomes excessively old ) of the system. Children in Foster attention are a vulnerable population and often find themselves traveling from one Foster place to another, which could be harmful to their already delicate province. Many kids in Foster attention have hapless developmental, mental, and educational results. Harmonizing to information sing Pierre Bourdieu and category pl ace, it appears as though surrogate childrens ability to hold or derive personal, economic, educational, societal and cultural capital is stacked against them. Too many surrogate kids struggle in their passage from foster attention to maturity and will give up to picks that will forestall them from obtaining an optimum degree of wellness ( American Academy of Pediatrics, 2000 ) . Since 1909, the federal authorities has been involved in Foster attention through statute law and policies, with province and local authoritiess being granted primary duty for supervising Foster attention services. In 1912, the federal authorities established the U.S. Children s Bureau, which was developed for societal services intents. Even with the authorities s on-going attempts to forestall out of place arrangements for kids in the United States, 100s of 1000s remain removed from topographic points they ve called place. Many believe that the system needs overhauled in respect to federal disbursement, in that increasing budgets may give kids the wrap-around services they need to be healthy and successful. The primary duty for kid public assistance services rests with the States, and each State has its ain legal and administrative constructions and plans that address the demands of kids and households. However, States must follow with specific Federal demands and guidelines in order to be eligible for Federal support under certain plans. Get downing with the transition of the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act ( CAPTA ) in 1974, the U.S. Congress implemented a figure of Torahs that have had a important impact on State kid protection and kid public assistance services ( Child Welfare Information Gateway, 2009, p.3 ) . Such statute law requires the frequent amendments of federal policies and ordinances and such statute law besides includes close engagement at the State degree, province statute law and/or alteration of State bureau policies and ordinances, every bit good as execution of new plans. The taking federally funded plans that support State attempts for surrogate attentio n and acceptance activities are included under rubrics IV-B and IV-E of the Social Security Act. The Foster attention bureaucratism is chiefly concerned with doing certain surrogate kids have immediate demands met, nevertheless, taking a proactive attack sing the hereafter of these kids would be even more good. Many believe that these kids are difficult plenty to command and keep due to behavioural and psychological concerns, that including future ends would overstrain workers. Sadly, the Foster attention system does non supply any inducement to bureaus for handling surrogate kids differently- in fact, makes no difference whether bureaus watch Foster kids age out of the system to travel on to life on the streets or to inscribe in college. By and large talking, bureaus are paid daily for each twenty-four hours a kid remains in their attention, approximately $ 19- $ 30 a twenty-four hours per kid ( Jim Casey Youth Opportunities Initiative, 2010 ) . It is evident that surrogate attention constabularies need to alter, given that there is small inducement for them to work towards p romoting a better, more stable life for the kids. Even if an bureau turns all of its surrogate kids over to homelessness, it is still eligible to house more teens the undermentioned twelvemonth. It is apparent that these kids, although they have shelter and nutrient along with other basic demands, may non be acquiring the attending they need sing future planning. The kids are clearly non the victors in this state of affairs and the federal authorities should step in sing the demand for more financess and stricter policies affecting future planning and discharge locations ( i.e. into installations, homelessness, with relations, etc. ) . As Adam Smith stated and was cited in Introduction to Political Economy, The disbursal of the establishments of educationaˆÂ ¦is likewise, no uncertainty, good to the whole society, and may, hence, without unfairness, be defrayed by the general parts of the whole society ( Sackrey, Knoedler A ; Shneider, 2005, p.42 ) . Due to the frequent moves foster kids on a regular basis trade with, they face an increased susceptibleness to educational obstructions, therefore doing them more educationally vulnerable. They frequently incur absences from school while traveling abodes, alteration schools often and repeatedly cover with the consequence such happenings have on attending, comfort degree, long-run public presentation and overall school experience. School credits may non reassign suitably and school records may be inaccurate or go lost as a consequence of frequent moves and alterations ( Bruskas, 2008 ) . Statistics show that approximately 25 per centum of former Foster kids will go homeless at some point in life and the opportunities of their kids come ining Foster attention additions. 65 per centum of surrogate kids will hold attended seven or more schools before graduating high school, with the high school graduation rate for surrogate kids being under 50 per centum. In add-on, an estimated less than 10 per centum of former Foster kids go on to inscribe in college and the completion rate for 2-4 twelvemonth college is about 2 per centum ( Guess, 2008 ) . A immense part of immature grownups, that have once been in the Foster attention system, study that they have problem affording nutrient or paying measures since discharge from surrogate attention. Almost half of the Foster kids that age out of surrogate attention make non travel on to work and about 40 per centum of those graduating from surrogate attention go a cost to the community, either trusting on public assistance aid or in prison. Furthermore, one of the most recent federal surveies on Foste r attention showed that merely 17 per centum of former Foster kids were wholly self-supporting. Sadly, many determinations sing surrogate kids and arrangements do non affect Foster kids engagement. Therefore, they may confront life-long effects when they do nt play a portion in the decision-making procedure. Decisions are routinely made sing a kid s arrangement that will hold life-long effects without the engagement of most kids. Foster kids that are non allowed to take part in determinations sing their hereafter may stop up experiencing powerless. It is imperative that a kid experiences a sense of control during their life s class in order to see a positive childhood guaranting a healthy and successful maturity ( Guess, 2008 ) . There are ways to battle instruction problems for surrogate kids but making so would necessitate proper allocation of financess and serious committedness on the parts of all involved. By and large talking, it would be extremely good to the kid if child public assistance bureaus saw to it that surrogate kids remained in the same school he/she attended during the initial Foster attention arrangement. Vows to guarantee proper record transportations occurred in the event that a kid needed to be moved should be implemented and provinces should be allowed financess to cover transit costs during school passage troubles. With the Foster attention statistics being so black, who is truly profiting from our current Foster attention system policies and processs? It is non farfetched to believe that increasing our fiscal investing in the hereafter of such persons would be good to our society as a whole. After all, an estimated 500,000 kids were in our state s Foster attention system in 2006- an tremendous sum of people that depend upon public functionaries and citizens likewise to set their best involvements foremost. Conversely, Galbraiths s theory of societal balance may cast some light onto why the Foster attention system is what it is today. Galbraith notes that the quality of, and demand for, public services is difficult to turn out. As Sackrey et al provinces on pg 173 of Introduction to Political Economy, While a broad might see a crumpling transit system, conservativists might see a fantastic system of main roads available to all, and the freedom to drive anyplace as one of the great benefits of our sort of society. Economic power does non merely do the upper categories rich: it gives them matchless political power.A Because the upper categories dominate the political order, the authorities shapes its economic policies to assist them keep and increase their societal and economic advantage ( Sackrey et al, 2005 ) . Unfortunately, the huge bulk of kids referred to or forced into surrogate attention are from low income/socio economic position. With the majority of political engagement stemming from the upper class/wealthy population, it is no admiration more has nt been done to protect and supply for America s surrogate kids. Is the misdirection of federal financess and deficiency of appropriate services within the Foster attention system a consequence of the absence of a strong political representation of the lower-middle category citizens? And is the thought that the Foster attention system has been broken and labeled a crisis state of affairs for several decennaries because authorities fun ctionaries have been looking out for their ain personal involvements, alternatively of the common good? Quite perchance, Etzioni s paradigm may explicate why decision-makers are non speedy to contend for statute law that would supply foster kids with more chances to win in life, and how their personal values may be rocking their determinations. Possibly, decision-makers are more emotionally drawn to other pressing issues, given that they may non be emotionally/individually involved in the Foster attention system. As stated by Richard Coughlan A ; Terry Connolly, Among other things, these values lead determination shapers to go to to certain pieces of information while disregarding others. These values besides shape the options considered by the person. Etzioni s theoretical account suggests that affectional factors play an of import function in the decision-making procedures of persons ( 2008, p.1 ) . Although there is much guess, it is impossible to estimate the exact purposes of public functionaries, but close scrutiny of the Foster attention system and its anterior and current po licies shed visible radiation on the extent and success of authorities engagement. The federal authorities has implemented several alterations to the Foster attention system in the past several old ages, and continues to reconstitute policies that have already been established. The 1997 Adoption and Safe Families Act ( RL. 105-89 ) changed the ordinances provinces must follow and the inducements provinces received when they improved public presentation in adoptive arrangements. The 2001 Tax Relief Act ( P.L. 107-16 ) changed acceptance inducements once more by offering a $ 10,000 unqualified revenue enhancement recognition to households who finalize the acceptance of kids with particular demands after January 1, 2003 ( Hansen and Hansen, 2005, p.3 ) . Some alterations in statute law that occurred old ages ago still affect kids and families today. Due to alterations in public assistance and public assistance reform, many households and individual parent families have found it hard to care for kids financially. Due to fiscal alterations in aid to households, lessen ing in nutrient cast allowances and deficiency of plans available to help persons with passages to and from foster attention, households may hold been hesitating to be reunified. Foster parents are besides being affected by alterations in Foster attention policies and by policies that are in demand of alteration. For case, per federal jurisprudence, kid public assistance bureaus are required to pay foster parents for the cost of raising surrogate kids, but the deficiency of a national lower limit sum has caused disparities among provinces. This policy allows provinces to put rates at their ain discretion, with or without taking into consideration the mean cost of raising a kid based on location. It is of import to observe, nevertheless, that non all hope is lost sing our state s kid public assistance plans, as new statute law merely may be the reply for the state s apparently on-going crisis. Not all is inexorable sing our Foster attention system, nevertheless. The Fostering Connections to Success and Increasing Adoptions Act ( PL. 110-351 ) was passed and signed into jurisprudence by former President Bush on October 7th, 2008. This piece of statute law may be the Foster attention system s salvaging grace, as we presently watch many surrogate kids bounciness from place to home-rarely sing the pleasance of holding a stable place environment. Furthermore, given the fact that a immense per centum of kids in Foster attention have mental wellness diagnosings, the transition of the Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act of 2008 ( PL. 110343 ) is overriding. The Act requires that employers that offer mental wellness benefits, that besides have more than 50 employees, must offer equal coverage for mental wellness and substance maltreatment intervention as they do for physical wellness. The Fostering Connections to Success and Increasing Adoptions Act reauthorizes the Adopt ion Incentives Program through 2013, with $ 43 million in funding mandate. The Fostering Act besides increases award sums for older and particular demands surrogate kids. With the new Act, each province should gain an inducement if it reaches its highest of all time acceptance rate and comparative care should have pecuniary aid. The Act should besides supply care and acceptance aid payments for older young person runing in ages 19-21 that meet certain standards sing the completion of high school, college registration or vocational instruction and plans to help with employment. Importantly, provinces that see fiscal nest eggs that result from federal acceptance aid are required to reinvest the nest eggs in kid public assistance services, including post-adoption services ( Voices for America s Children, 2008 ) . Given the psychological, emotional and physical emphasis that by and large comes along with surrogate kids, such Acts should be a manner in which former Foster kids can go on intervention when necessary. Additionally, statute law has moved in the way in which all kids that have been neglected or maltreated should be eligible for federal financial support and non merely those that reside in hapless families. Because I am presently employed at a mental wellness and Foster attention bureau in North Carolina, I come across many kids and teens that are in demand of fiscal aid. Currently, I am making instance work for a adolescent that has been denied federal support aid twice due to his parent s incomes being excessively high. This kid happens to be one of the most deserving of federal support, in that his behaviours are utmost plenty to where it is justified to hold him come in either a psychiatric residential intervention installation or something comparable. Unfortunately, he has non been able to have necessary intervention because it has been deemed his parent s do excessively much money- although they do non hold adequate money to direct him to the impor tant intervention installations. As a consequence, he resides in a lower degree of attention, which is foster attention, and he is unable to have the intensive intervention he needs at this clip. This adolescent s instance is a premier illustration of how the system can really work against surrogate kids. Before the transition of The Fostering Connections to Success and Increasing Adoptions Act, kids in the Foster attention system were non allowed to remain in Foster attention after the age of 18, unless the plans were having fiscal aid from resources other than the federal authorities. With educational statistics such as the aforesaid, it is impossible that our public functionaries would non hold allowed aid for surrogate kids beyond the age of 18, as they would by and large transition into the work force or some signifier of college. Given that these kids normally do non hold consistent stable figures to supply them counsel and aid as they transition into maturity, as many of us are given by our parents, it would hold behooved our authorities in the yesteryear, at all degrees, to guarantee a smooth passage occurred for such immature grownups. As a society, we must disregard the fact that the new act will non wipe out the deficiency of support we provided these immature grownups for decennaries before. Just as with anything else, it will take ample clip before our state and these surrogate kids will see betterments within the system. With this new act, nevertheless, commissariats in the jurisprudence include the ability for young person to stay in Foster attention up to the age of 21, with the aid of revised instance direction processs to do certain every attempt is made to supply surrogate kids with a smooth passage into maturity. Most significantly, provinces will now have federal financess to assist finance plans that encourage safe issues from the Foster attention system. While such promotions seem promising, the act is new and it is excessively early to find success or results. Several issues have plagued our state s Foster attention system for decennaries, all of which could be improved with careful consideration and restructuring of policies and budgets. The deficiency of quality Foster places is one of the chief grounds kids are moved from place to place, sometimes within a really short period of clip. The fact that health professionals, whether through affinity agreements or foster attention, are frequently non compensated comparative to the cost of raising kids is besides a major issue impacting the success of the system. Policy shapers are covering with limited budgets that sometimes do non let for much room to play, doing many to believe the budget needs to be reevaluated. Last, authorities ineffectualness contributes mostly to the normally dubbed broken Foster attention system. Federal authorities support and supports should be in topographic point to supply a assortment of permanence options for surrogate kids, and provinces should be held decent ly accountable for surrogate attention results and processs, suitably penalized when non in conformity with policies, and suited inducements for provinces should be granted for improved patterns. The deficiency of appropriate surrogate places in America continues to impact the success of the Foster attention system. Through preparation and licensure and meeting minimal makings to further, grownups are able to open up their places to further kids. Problems arise, nevertheless, when instance workers, who may be overworked ( and frequently times carry caseloads beyond province upper limits ) , overstressed and underpaid, are unable to take kids ( from defenders places and surrogate places ) as necessary because there are non plenty lodging options. In add-on, surrogate parents may be turned off to raising surrogate kids for fiscal grounds ( their province does nt pay adequate money for day-to-day stipends ) and the 1s that do remain around as surrogate parents may be making so for a payroll check. By and large talking, the money that surrogate parents receive is to be put towards the attention of the kid. Although surrogate parents should non be utilizing their stipends to su pplement their income, some provinces do non necessitate surrogate parents to demo cogent evidence of how the money they receive was spent. Due to the fact that the authorities does non hold required results for surrogate kids or inducement plans, the Foster parents do non acquire compensation or inducements for promoting and guaranting surrogate kids focal point on, and win with future ends ( i.e. careers/jobs, college, etc. ) . Insufficient reimbursement rates for surrogate parents may finally make an addition in kids being placed elsewhere, such as establishments. Unfortunately, if the Foster parents rates do non accurately reflect the existent disbursals and demands of the Foster kids, it is finally the kids who will endure. There is a desperate demand for the benefit of surrogate kids and society as a whole, for the federal authorities to implement answerability within the Foster attention system and kid public assistance. Unfortunately, history has shown that kid public assistance has non been held responsible Foster attention related public presentation results. In the past, public presentation results were based on a kid public assistance bureau s conformity to federal and province demands, but, in 1994, the Social security Act was amended so that portion of public presentation results emphasized the terminal consequences, in peculiar, positive terminal consequences of kids and households in attention ( Bruskas, 2008, p. 72 ) . The Children s Bureau developed an evidenced-based statewide reappraisal of kid public assistance system results and the province appraisals are called Child and Family Services Reviews. These reappraisals assess how good each province is run intoing the demands of the ki ds it serves in add-on to how good they meet systemic demands. Each province efforts conformity in 14 countries ; 7 related to the demands of kids and 7 related to system demands. Areas of conformity related to the kids they serve are divided into three classs: safety, permanence, and wellbeing. In March 2004, the first Child and Family Services Reviews were completed ; the consequences were inexorable. Puerto Rico, the District of Columbia, and the remainder of the 50 provinces failed to run into non merely some, but all countries of kid public assistance criterions ( Bruskas, 2008, p.72 ) . On norm, states complied with 6 out of the 14 identified countries, with non one province holding met the federal demands set Forth to afford stableness and appropriate permanence to further kids. Improper regulative patterns and even a deficiency of regulative patterns in general, has allowed for provinces to continually scatter financess for Foster attention care and administrative costs tha t should non hold been covered by federal support. Harmonizing to the Children s Bureau, systematic reappraisals of State title IV-E Foster attention eligibility plans have been conducted to guarantee federal financess are being used for intended intents and that financess are recovered that have been dispersed improperly. In 2000, over 20 million dollars in financess were identified as being improperly dispersed, and as a consequence, the federal authorities is working on implementing disciplinary action programs to reimburse the losingss. Many believe that the authorities should make the ability for such Foster attention financess to be used for legion services, runing from preventive services to post permanency/post reunion services. Besides, some believe that using a federal inducement plan to honor achievement of set Forth results would be helpful, although an statement could be made against incentive plans in that provinces should be implementing the minimal criterions sing ki d public assistance without exclusion or public presentation inducements. The mean citizen is most likely unaware of what happens to further kids, both in the Foster attention system and one time discharged ( U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2009 ) . A great manner to increase answerability is for provinces and the federal authorities to garner information sing informations on surrogate kids. Published studies should include information on what happens to former Foster kids when they leave surrogate attention. Data should scatter elaborate information on college attending and completion, lodging and occupation keeping. Along with the thought that this would make more authorities answerability, schemes and inducements to increase the effectivity of plans for teens in surrogate attention can be developed and assessed, and schemes that fail can be identified and discontinued. The authorities must be ambitious in puting criterions, such as necessitating a per centum of teens in bureau attention to finish college The Foster attention system should concern itself with more than merely supplying places for kids in demand. The authorities is responsible the lives of 1000s of kids being taken from their places and sometimes off from their communities, making public outgo and oftentimes trauma on the parts of the kids and households. It is mind boggling that the authorities has non recognized the importance of, and acted on, the demand for surrogate kids to hold the necessary tools and resources provided to them in order to boom as members of society. Bing that surrogate kids are already covering with the traumatic event of being removed from their places, it would look farther detrimental to their wellness to non concentrate on helping them with the accomplishments they need to work merely every bit good as their equals. The Foster attention system should be held to the full accountable for what happens to the kids and teens in its detention. Additionally, the Foster attention system appears to r un without much examination from the populace. Unfortunately, surrogate kids are non every bit represented amongst societal categories, and so it is hard to capture the attending of the authorities when so few of them are affected personally by surrogate attention issues. In fact, even those within the center and upper categories that are involved in the disregard or mistreating of their ain kids seldom see their kid removed to authorities attention. ( Jim Casey Youth Opportunities Initiative, 2010 ) . In add-on to the issues associated with the Foster attention system aforementioned, there is a strong association between incarcerated parents and kids necessitating out-of-home arrangement. Specific policies sing this quandary have been formulated and the fact that the authorities is forcing for shorter corsets for surrogate kids has created a quandary for incarcerated parents. For illustration, the Adoption and Safe Families Act requires provinces to register for request to end parental rights for most kids who have been in surrogate attention for 15 of the most recent 22 months. This regulation is meant to cut down the likeliness that kids stay in Foster attention for a long period of clip, but it besides creates troubles for incarcerated parents because the mean clip served by parents is 80 months in province prison and 103 months in federal prison ( Swann and Sylvester, 2006, p.1 ) . Furthermore, a strong nexus has been determined to be between kids who have endured child malt reatment and/or disregard and with delinquent behaviour. Statisticss should be formed to educate society on the association of surrogate kids and the juvenile justness system, as there is no inquiry their harmful environment plays a portion in determining their hereafter. Additionally, it is of import to observe that parental instruction and skill-building should be compulsory for parents that have been involved in kid neglect and/or maltreatment. By concentrating on the root of the bulk of out-of-home arrangements, the authorities may be able to extinguish arrangements by educating parents before kids need to be removed from the place ( Swann and Sylvester, 2006 ) . Another pressing issue environing America s Foster attention system is federal authorities support and budgets and whether reconstituting the fiscal system is necessary. Federal kid public assistance financess should include the support of all permanence options, alternatively of merely back uping acceptance. In add-on to acceptance, surrogate kids have the ability to be reunified with parents or with an identified defender. Currently, federal financess assist with acceptance merely, which includes support plans for fiscal demands for households that adopt kids from Foster attention. Besides, there was no acceptance inducement plan that supplied fiscal wagess to provinces that went above and beyond the established baseline figure of successful acceptances of kids from Foster attention. While new Acts have been passed to battle such jobs, it will be a piece before the effects of the new statute law are noticeable. Adoption advocators are pleased that provinces will acquire fillips i f they increase the figure of acceptances from surrogate attention each twelvemonth and provinces will be obligated to advise prospective adoptive parents about the $ 11,650 acceptance revenue enhancement recognition. In the yesteryear, it was non compulsory to inform surrogate parents of the revenue enhancement recognition. Another asset to statute law alterations is that all particular demands surrogate kids will be eligible for federal acceptance aid, where merely kids adopted from hapless households are presently extended subsidies ( North American Council on Adoptable Children, n.d. ) . Because non much fiscal aid is available for those that exit foster attention through reunion or care, the surrogate kids may stay in surrogate attention longer while waiting to be adopted. With such alterations to further attention funding sing several permanence options, provinces should hold an inducement to travel kids out of surrogate attention. A likely solution to the job for happening pe rmanence for kids on the acceptance waiting list is to increase subsidy support for acceptance. A bigger subsidy lowers the monetary value of acceptance services, increases the figure of acceptances, and reduces the figure of kids who wait in surrogate attention. Indirect grounds that increasing subsidy support may increase acceptances comes from a recent survey ( Hansen and Hansen, 2005, p.6 ) . However, it is of import to observe that subsidies are non ever plenty aid to raise a kid. Continual community support is sometimes needed for households who adopt kids, as the passage is non ever easily. What happens to kids and households one time the permanence ends have been met? Once the tribunal hearing is over and instance workers have left, households frequently find that the route in front is non ever a smooth one. Federal financess should supply post-permanency supports to households and surrogate kids that issue Foster attention, irrespective of whether the going was due to acc eptance, reunion or care. By making so, the authorities can guarantee that kids remain in their lasting place. In order to promote attempts to minimise Foster attention stay, positive results should be rewarded beyond support grants and provinces should be compensated for considerable advancement, non merely penalized for inability to run into federal criterions. Seasonably and steady reunion attempts should be implemented and the perennial failure of any province to wholly run into the federal criterions should be reviewed to a great extent but should besides raise concern sing appropriate criterions and policies. States should non merely be punished, but should be to a great extent rewarded for conjunct attempts to increase positive results. Some uncertainty besides surrounds the motivations behind kinship/guardianship attention. Although it is of import and good for kids to be raised by relations who are fit and willing, the thought of financially compensation households to look after their ain relations is a controversial subject. While the federal authorities is trying to open up healthy places for surrogate kids, and relations places are doubtless ideal, it causes argument due to the fact that about anyone would wish fiscal aid to assist raise a household member s kid. While I believe the authorities should concentrate on rearing accomplishments and instruction in order to increase the likeliness of surrogate kids returning place, it appears as though kinship/guardianship aid may impede the parents of surrogate kids. Will the troubled parents non see the pressing demand to better themselves if they believe their kid is well-taken attention of by a household member? Besides, if a household member becomes legal defend er, will s/he be more indulgent on the troubled parent and let the Foster kid to see the parent, even though the state of affairs is non healthy for the kid? It seems as though the authorities should concentrate on mending strained relationships between surrogate kids and parents, but handle affinity and care aid on a individual footing, to guarantee kids will non be exposed to unhealthy state of affairss. I believe the most of import facet of the Foster attention system is really the thought that it is possible to forestall kids from come ining Foster attention in the first topographic point. Top precedence should be passing money on educating parents and immature people, including drug bar, unwanted gestations, pack bar, how to hold healthy relationships and how to use household saving services when necessary. Children should non hold to endure due to the incompetence of grownups, hence, foster attention bar should stay on the head of public functionaries heads. The new Torahs set in topographic point should assist better the Foster attention system, but it is decidedly non a well-oiled machine. Adam Smith referred to a system of justness by saying, Merely with competition, justness and virtuousness would self-interest operate in such a manner as to advance the general public assistance of society ( Sackrey et al, 2005, p.43 ) . It is besides of import to observe that acceptance through the Foster attention system is non a market for a kid or a market where parental rights are sold. Children who go through bureau acceptances, whether public or private, are non merely given to those that are most disposed to pay. Adoption is a qualified service in which prospective adoptive parents and households make educated determinations based upon the best judgement of societal workers or themselves. Childs who are to be adopted exist within several markets, such as private and international acceptance bureaus which match households with kids based upon a batch of different factors. Many households have penchants sing acceptance, such as age, gender, race and particular demands. Due to these picks, the market for acceptance creates some competition and the ability for prospective adoptive parents to be slightly selective. I think it is safe to presume that the general consensus among our state is that the acceptance of a kid from surrogate attention presents many benefits to all of society, and non merely an advantage to the kid or his/her household. However, finding the best possible manner to cut down financial load upon the provinces and how to better kid results remains an on-going concern. Bettering the instruction provided to both surrogate kids and the parents of surrogate kids should bring forth benefits to everyone. Importantly, Markets in which the determinations of a few benefit everyone are said to hold positive outwardnesss. Other markets with positive outwardnesss include educational telecasting and fuel efficient autos. To promote telecasting manufacturers to do educational plans and drivers to purchase fuel efficient autos, Congress subsidizes people who engage in these good activities ( Hansen and Hansen, 2005, p.5 ) . Some believe that subsidies will promote more households to fo llow through the Foster attention system. There is no uncertainty that the federal authorities is doing paces to better the Foster attention system, but betterments should be focused more on the kids served and less on the system. There seems to be a greater demand to turn to the experiences of kids in the Foster attention system and to understand how effectual intercessions can be implemented to better the experience of kids come ining and go forthing the Foster attention system. The authorities must concentrate on educational results and the societal environments of Foster attention sing kid public assistance, as each facet impacts the lives of the surrogate kids. Government must besides undertake issues associating to the demand of increased financess to guarantee services are provided to those go forthing the Foster attention system, to do certain the former Foster kids have the accomplishments needed to go productive members of society. Because of the deficiency of personal experience that the wealthy, upper category ci tizens have with the Foster attention system, it is indispensable ordinary citizens make a conjunct attempt to show concerns sing the Foster attention system, in a constructive mode, to be the voices for America s surrogate kids.

Broad Classification Of Work Motivational Theories Commerce Essay

Broad Classification Of Work Motivational Theories Commerce Essay The work motivation theories can be broadly classified as content theories and process theories. The content theories are concerned with identifying the needs that people have and how needs are prioritized. They are concerned with types of incentives that drive people to attain need fulfillment. The Maslow hierarchy theory, Fredrick Herzberg’s two factor theory and Alderfer’s ERG needs theory fall in this category. Although such a content approach has logic, is easy to understand, and can be readily translated in practice, the research evidence points out limitations. There is very little research support for these models’ theoretical basic and predictability. The trade off for simplicity sacrifices true understanding of the complexity of work motivation. On the positive side, however, the content models have given emphasis to important content factors that were largely ignored by human relationists. In addition the Alderfer’s ERG needs theory allows more flexibility and Herzberg’s two-factor theory is useful as an explanation for job satisfaction and as a point of departure for job design. The process theories are concerned with the cognitive antecedents that go into motivation and with the way they are related to one another. The theories given by Vroom, Porter and Lawler, equity theory and attribution theory fall in this category. These theories provide a much sounder explanation of work motivations. The expectancy model of Vroom and the extensions and the refinements provided by Porter and Lawler help explain the important cognitive variables and how they relate to one another in the process of work motivation. The Porter Lawler model also gives specific attention to the important relationship between performance and satisfaction. A growing research literature is somewhat supportive of these expectancy models, but conceptual and methodological problems remain. Unlike the content models, these expectancy models are relativ ely complex and difficult to translate into actual practice. They have also failed to meet the goals of prediction and control Motivation Theory 1 – Adam’s Equity Theory of Work Motivation The theory explains that a major input into job performance and satisfaction is the degree of equity or inequity that people perceive in work situations. Adam depicts a specific process of how this motivation occurs. Inequality occurs when a person perceives that the ratio of his or her outcomes to inputs and the ratio of a relevant other’s outcomes to inputs are unequal. Our Outcomes Other’s Outcomes = Inequity (over-rewarded) Our Inputs Other’s Inputs Both the inputs and the outputs of the person and the other are based upon the person’s perceptions, which are affected by age, sex, education, social status, organizational position, qualifications, and how hard the person works, etc. Outcomes consist primarily of rewards such as pay, status, promotion, a nd intrinsic interest in the job. Equity sensitivity is the ratio based upon the person’s perception of what the person is giving (inputs) and receiving (outcomes) versus the ratio of what the relevant is giving and receiving. This cognition may or may not be the same as someone else’s observation of the ratios or the same as the actual situation.

Gun Control Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Gun Control - Research Paper Example When it comes to gun control in America, the most important thing is to impose a background check on everyone who buys guns and to strictly impose this as a part of a new gun control bill. The reasons for this are multifold. However, one of the main reasons for the imposition of the gun control bill is to minimize killings, or even to altogether prevent them. The shootings at the opening of Batman Begins in Aurora, Colorado and the shootings of 20 schoolchildren in Connecticut both in 2012 must have certainly made American lawmakers question the effectiveness of the gun control situation in the United States. In fact, the Senate’ vote on the failed gun control bill was disappointing because it showed that the lawmakers were actually not responding to several calls from the public on the imposition of stricter background checks for gun owners and buyers. In fact, according to Gallup editor-in-chief Frank Newport, regardless of the Senate’s vote on the failed gun control bill, â€Å"It is clear that more Americans support the concept of a law expanding background checks for gun purchases than say the Senate should have passed such a law† (Metzler). Americans have definitely learned much from their experiences with failed gun control measures. ... In fact, gun control history in the United States was a â€Å"history of tragedy† in terms of legislative action (U.S. Gun Control). Gun control measures have actually been implemented but perhaps not strictly imposed. In 1934, the National Firearms Act was signed by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt in order to heavily tax sales of guns. The Gun Control Act was signed by President Lyndon Johnson in 1968 in order to declare as illegal the mail-order purchases of guns. In 1993 and 1994, the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act and assault weapons ban was signed by President Clinton in order to conduct background checks on gun buyers and ban semi-automatic assault weapons. Moreover, President Barack Obama and his administration also kept pushing for â€Å"more restrictive† gun control measures and laws (U.S. Gun Control). The existing gun laws like the National Firearms Act of Roosevelt is already in conflict with tax measures for the sales of guns which are imposed in every state. Thus, guns may be sold at a relatively cheaper price in some states. An example of a store in America that sells affordable guns, which are not heavily taxed is Cheaper Than Dirt, where a high power carbine is worth only $526, a hand gun is priced at $199 and a long gun at $143 (Cheaper Than Dirt). The Gun Control Act by Johnson is almost obsolete as guns are not anymore sold and delivered in packages by mail. They may in fact be bought straight from a gun shop. An example of a popular walk-in gun shop in America is American Gun Works based in California, whose website is found at americangunworks.net. One rather interesting but unfortunate feature of the shop is that it does not need a permit or license to carry a firearm as the State of