International Political Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

International Political Economy - Essay Example Gates must remain the exception, and openness the rule† made the article liberal in its orientation of what economic outlook should nations adopt. In the process of arguing that liberal capitalism is still the best form of capitalism and economic system, the article also discussed the various economic models that were used by other countries. The article has acknowledged the weakness and flaw of globalisation beginning at the 1930s until more recently during the financial crisis. But unlike in the 1930s where there was a clear and coherent ideological and economic alternatives such as fascism and Marxism, none can be found in recent anti-globalisation protesters China is cited as an example but the Chinese model did not present an alternative economic model to liberal capitalism. It may be ruled by the Communist Party but its economic model cannot be classified as Marxist. Marxist economic model involves the ownership of the state of all modes of production from land, labour, capital to technology where private ownership is prohibited. It does resemble to Marxist’s close kin which is fascism where the owners of the modes of production are required to use their properties in the national interest and the products that will be produced are dictated by one autocratic party (Richman, 2008). There may be just one party that rules in China but it is still not enough to qualify it as a fascist nor a Marxist government and economic system. It can be more aptly classified as nationalist economy where private ownership and foreign capital is allowed for as long as it is beneficial to the government. China, Russia and the world have already learned that state planning and state ownership of the modes of production does not work. The need of the people is just too complex and too vast for any state to determine and respond that we saw the inevitable collapse of the former Soviet Russia. So is the isolationist nature of Communism as

The Greatest Prime Minister in Canadian History for Promoting Ethnic Essay

The Greatest Prime Minister in Canadian History for Promoting Ethnic Diversity and Communities was Pierre Elliott Trudeau - Essay Example Declarations and policies which were centered on creating a diverse community were then made under his jurisdiction (Wood, Gilbert, 2005). The continuous agenda of Trudeau and the way in which he promoted multiculturalism is one which continues to be used today with initiatives through the policies and political actions which were first implemented by Trudeau. The concept of multiculturalism was pushed by Trudeau because of the changing climate and environment in Canada and the world. Trudeau came into power after World War II and through various world revolutions based on cultural diversity and ethnic equality. Canada was also experiencing a large amount of immigrant pressures from other regions, specifically which began as an offset from World War II. The social pressures of this time were based on the desire to offer minorities the same potential as others in society while integrating opportunity. Trudeau followed these social pressures and stigmas with his own vision of creating an ethnically diverse set of communities through policies and procedures expected in society (Driedger, 2001). When Trudeau came into power in 1968, his main agenda was to promote the concept of ethnic diversity. From the 17th century, Canada had a large influx of immigration that came into the country. Before this time, there were also diversity promotions in terms of both Aboriginal land and those who had found the contemporary nation of Canada. As this grew and continued to divide, ethnic communities began to be more visible within the Canadian territories, specifically because of physical and racial differences. The largest influx came during the World Wars, based on those from Europe that began to migrate to America from the war. Asian communities also began to establish during this time. As the racial differences were noted, it was also expected that a

Exercise Treatments for PD Symptoms

Exercise Treatments for PD Symptoms The Exercise Rx Besides drugs and surgery, researchers are looking into using exercise as an intervention therapy to tame the symptoms of PD. In 2003, Dr. Jay L. Alberts, a PD researcher and accomplished cyclist, entered the seven-day RAGBRAI bicycle ride across Iowa. He rode on a tandem bike for two days with Cathy Frazier, a 40-year-old woman with PD. He discovered that Cathys handwriting was beautiful. Prior to the ride, her handwriting displayed classical micrographia, a cardinal sign of PD. Each year for the next four years, when he did the RAGBRAI tandem bike ride with parkinsonian stokers, he noticed similar phenomena. His stokers parkinsonian symptoms disappeared. As he went through scientific literatures, Alberts discovered that there was a lot of research on animals that reported similar results. Typically, in these studies, one group of animals is put on a motorized treadmill that forces the creature to run faster than it wants. A sedentary group serves as a control. Then, after a few weeks, both groups are given a neurotoxin such asÂÂ   MPTP. The sedentary group suffers immediate damage to the substantia nigra and develops parkinsonism; the exercise group partially resists the toxin. But research on humans had not found comparable benefits. Alberts thought it was because the human experiments test voluntary exercise while the rates are doing forced exercise. The rats are forced to run at a faster rate. The same thing is going on with the tandem bikes where the stokers are pedaling faster than they were pedaling on their own. To test the theory, Alberts carried out a pilot trial that took ten PD patients and randomly assigned them to one of two groups: a treatment group receiving forced exercise and a control group voluntarily exercising. The forced-exercise group was given three 60-minute workouts for eight weeks in which a trainer pedaled at 80 to 90 revolutions per minute. The control group did three 60-minute session each week on a bike by themselves. Each group was evaluated before and after the experiment using the Unified Parkinsons Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). After eight weeks, the forced-exercise groups symptoms had improved reducing their average UPDRS part 3 score by about one-third. Thats almost as large an effect as the one brought about by levodopa. The control group saw no benefit. Two weeks later, these gains were still there in the tandem group. But four weeks after treatment, the forced-exercise group was back where theyd started. So force-exercise is like levodopa, the benefit will stop if you stop taking it. Albertss concept of forced exercise is just one of many options out there. Other options such as tai chi, kickboxing, and progressive strength training exercise is as effective. It is more important to select an activity that will address your specific needs and be sustainable. *** But most neurologists are still skeptical about physical therapies. The one exception is the Dutch neurologist Bastiaan Bloem. Bloem believed physical therapy would be a better treatment of gait and balance than just the levodopa therapy. In 2004, Bloem and Marten Munneke, a physical therapist, started the ParkinsonNet in the Netherlands. Today, the program has 66 regional networks, 2,970 trained professionals and over fifty thousand patients. *** Over the past decade, several companies have been developing technology capable of tracking the PD symptoms outside the clinic. These companies are working on various combinations of advanced wearable sensors to track multiple domains round the clock tremor, bradykinesia, gait, balance, walking, cognition, and more. One technology, Kinesia HomeView, designed by Great Lakes Neuroechnologies, comprises a small computer and a finger sensor. Sitting in front of a screen, you perform a set of exercises, that takes about five minutes. Then you will get a report of thirteen metrics, listing the severity of three forms of tremor, dyskinesia, the speed, amplitude, and rhythm displayed during the finger-tapping, hand-movement, and hand-flipping exercises. The main advantage is that you can use it 24/7. It can reveal any changes in motor performance over time, providing a much more detailed picture of your disease than that obtained in an evaluation every six months. The other system is a set of sensors developed by Portland-based APDM. You wear three small devices, one on your wrist and one on each of your ankles. The wrist sensor detects tremor and dyskinesia. The ankle sensors measure multiple aspects of walking. Your daily activities generate masses of data. When the data are averaged over time, they reveal emerging asymmetries in your gait. Key Takeaways Dr. Jay Alberts discovered force-exercise can relieve PD symptoms. Force-exercise is like levodopa, the benefit will stop if you stop taking it. Bastiaan Bloem believed physical therapy would be a better treatment of gait and balance than just the levodopa therapy. Several companies have been developing technology capable of tracking the PD symptoms outside the clinic.

Divorce Law :: essays research papers

Divorce is a growing epidemic in Canada and the United States. It affects both parties involved, being the spouses, and also has a profound affect on children of the marriage. Recently our government has been revising the old divorce act. It was apparent that it was time to revise the act because it did not properly protect the children from being caught in the middle of things. Divorce is defined as follows: to dissolve legally a marriage between; separate (one of a married couple) from the other by divorce . The Canadian constitution allows only the federal government to set divorce law. The government of Canada has a divorce act, and because it is a federal law, it applies fully and equally in all parts of Canada and to all Canadian citizens. Divorces begin with an application to the court asking it to declare that there has been a breakdown of the marriage. This application must include paragraphs which refer to where and when the marriage took place, who the children were, who should have custody and why, if there is to be support for one of the spouses paid for by the other, and what is to become of the family property. Certified copies of the marriage certificate and any birth certificates are attached. The claim for support is known as "Corollary relief" and may be for the spouses and/or the children (claims for custody also fall under corollary relief claims). When corollary relief is requested, a financial statement which sets out your families monthly expenses in detail is required. The divorce act requires the court to verify weather there seems to be any chance of reconciliation between the parties. The court may even ask for a marriage councilor to attempt a reconciliation. The divorce act demands the sole grounds for divorce as breakdown of marriage, and provides for three basic ways of proving it:  You and your spouse have been separated for one year.  Your spouse has committed adultery.  Your spouse has treated you with intolerable mental or physical cruelty. The most common grounds for divorce is certainly a one year separation for it is the easiest to prove. There is no such thing as a "legal separation" however while living apart you should be protected by a separation agreement. A separation agreement is a domestic agreement between a separated couple outlining the distribution of the property and other obligations to each other .

The Differences between the Empire State Building and Burj Al-Arab Hotel

The differences between Empire State Building and Burj Al-Arab Hotel There are two celebrated edifices in the universe, called Empire State Building and Burj Al-Arab Hotel. Empire State Building is located in New York, and it is one of the tallest constructions in New York, even in the universe. Another one of the universe tallest edifices is Burj Al-Arab Hotel, it is located in Dubai. In this essay, I will compare and contrast them in history, uses and being celebrated. In the Empire State Building’s history, it is 1250 pess tall and was the tallest edifice in the universe when it was built in 1931. At that clip, it was non merely go a landmark of New York, but besides became a symbol of accomplishing the impossible. There was a skyscraper race in the universe in 20 century. Walter Chrysler, the laminitis of the Chrysler Corporation, was building a monumental edifice, the tallness of which he was maintaining secret until the edifice ‘s completion. John Jakob Raskob, antecedently a frailty president of General Motors, decided to fall in this race, and he wanted to crush Chrysler. Not cognizing precisely what height he had to crush, John started building on his ain edifice, the Empire State Building. The Empire State Building completed with an astonishing effort that the full edifice was constructed in merely one twelvemonth and 45 yearss and merely cost around 41 million dollars ( Jennifer Rosenberg ) . Similarly, there are besides many glorifications in the history of Burj Al-Arab Hotel. For illustration, it was the tallest sea-based hotel in the universe at a tallness of 321 metres when it was completed in 1999. As the ground of edifice Burj Al-Arab Hotel is wholly different with the Empire State Building, that the authorities of Dubai wanted a edifice that would go an iconic or symbolic statement with the name of the state, merely as what it has been. The design of Burj Al-Arab Hotel was inspired by the wind-filled canvass of an Arab trading dhow ship, and that is why it is built on an unreal island. Unlike the Empire State Building, the building of Burj Al-Arab Hotel cost a big sum of money and clip that it was built in 1994 and be around 650 million dollars to construct. And this money made it go the coal of the Leading Hotels of the World ( Rick Archer ) . The Empire State Building is built as an office edifice, so the primary use is supplying office infinites for companies. But because it is located on the most comfortable parts of Manhattan Island, the rent of office infinites is expensive. Even though the rent is excessively dearly-won, the major companies of different countries, such as finance, touristry and insurance, lease an office in the Empire State Building, because of its celebrated and demoing the capacities of their companies. In add-on, the Empire State Building is known by the universe, so it becomes one of the most celebrated tourer attractive forces in New York. For absorbing more tourers, there are different sorts of exhibitions in the museum of the Empire State Building. Of class, many sorts of bars and nines are necessary, and tourers can see all attractive forces in New York in several proceedingss ( Empire State Building ) . However, as a hotel, the uses of Burj Al-Arab Hotel are about different with the Empire State Building, it is built for touristry. But because Dubai wanted to do it go an iconic, the Burj Al-Arab Hotel was absolutely built with strong Islamic manner, excessive decor and high engineering ( Burj Al-Arab Hotel ) . Similar to the Empire State Building, this makes it go one of the most celebrated and the most expensive hotels in the universe, the every night rates start merely north of $ 1500. Both Empire State Building and Burj Al-Arab Hotel have a phase on the acme of them, although the phase of Burj Al-Arab Hotel is a rooftop helipad. So if you are affluent plenty to populate in it, the hotel besides offers chopper service from the airdrome to hotel ( Justin Delaney ) . As we know, the Empire State Building is the world’s most celebrated office edifice, but I want to inquire, why does it go such celebrated? And I found out that it is celebrated by its tallness and films. And the major ground is from the clip it was built in the 1930 ‘s to the edifice of the World Trade Center towers in the 1970 ‘s it was the tallest edifice in the universe, even now it still ranks among the top 10 and is the tallest edifice in New York ( Why is the Empire State Building celebrated? ) . Furthermore, the film that made it celebrated isKing Kong, one of the most noteworthy films in American history. In this film, the originalKing Kongof 1933 used a theoretical account of the newly-completed Empire State Building for Kong to mount at the flood tide ( What film made the Empire State Building celebrated? ) . This image non merely made the Empire State Building noticed by the universe, but besides became the most authoritative scene ofKing Kong. Similarly, Burj Al-Arab Hotel used to be world’s tallest hotel, but now it is still the world’s 2nd tallest hotel. on the other manus, it is non simply celebrated by its tallness, its expensiveness is besides celebrated in the universe. For illustration, the monetary value of a Royal suite is 20 1000 dollars, per dark. The monetary value can make the cost of a mid-sized saloon, doing it one of the universe ‘s most expensive suites, even a smallest room besides needs 1500 dollars. But the expensiveness is sensible, because the installations and helping of Burj Al-Arab Hotel are the best in the universe. For case, when the clients of Burj Al-Arab Hotel go out of the airdrome, they have two lavish picks: travel to hotel by Rolls Royce saloons or chopper. If you choose helicopter, you will hold a opportunity to watch the Dubai from sky in 15 proceedingss. Those are the grounds why they have a batch of clients, even the suites are expensive ( Burj Al-Arab Hotel ) . Why did I want to compare the Empire State Building and Burj Al-Arab Hotel? Because these two edifice represent the people who live in different period and different states. The Empire State Building shows America had become one of the most affluent states in 1930, and American people liked to demo their power and wealth. For the Burj Al-Arab Hotel, it shows the Dubai had an outstanding economic system, and the Arabs more attention about their state After comparing the Empire State Building and the Burj Al-Arab Hotel in three different ways, I found out: In history, they were built for different intents, the Empire State Building was built for a personal glorification, but the Burj Al-Arab Hotel was built because of the dream of doing a landmark for Dubai, but likewise, both of them used to be the tallest edifice in their types ; in uses, both constructions link to the local touristry, although the Empire State Building besides provides offices to companies ; in being celebrated, both of them are celebrated for their tallness, nevertheless, the Empire State is besides celebrated by a film,King Kong, and the Burj Al-Arab Hotel is besides celebrated for its expensiveness and helping. Overall, even though they are similar in some parts, they still represent different images of their states to the universe. Work Citedâ€Å"Burj Al-Arab Hotel† . baike.com Feb 11 2014hypertext transfer protocol: //www.baike.com/wiki/ % E9 % 98 % BF % E6 % 8B % 89 % E4 % BC % AF % E5 % A1 % 94 % E9 % 85 % 92 % E5 % BA % 97â€Å"Empire State Building† . Baike.com Feb 11 2014hypertext transfer protocol: //www.baike.com/wiki/ % E5 % B8 % 9D % E5 % 9B % BD % E5 % A4 % A7 % E5 % 8E % A6Jennifer Rosenberg. â€Å"The Empire State Building † . About.com. Feb 9 2014.hypertext transfer protocol: //history1900s.about.com/od/1930s/a/empirestatebldg.htmJustin Delaney. â€Å"Dubai ‘s iconic Burj Al Arab – the universe ‘s most glamourous hotel † . gadling.com. Jun 21 2011.hypertext transfer protocol: //www.gadling.com/2011/06/21/the-iconic-burj-al-arab-the-worlds-most-glamorous-hotel/Rick Archer. â€Å"The Most Beautiful Hotel in the World † . ssqq.com. July 2004hypertext transfer protocol: //ssqq.com/archive/vinlin23.htmâ€Å"What film made the Empire State Building celebrated? † wiki.answers.com Feb 11 2014hypertext transfer protocol: //wiki.answers.com/Q/What_movie_made_the_Empire_State_Building_famous # slide=3 & A ; article=What_movie_made_the_Empire_State_Building_famousâ€Å"Why is the Empire State Building celebrated? † wiki.answers.com Feb 11 2014hypertext transfer protocol: //wiki.answers.com/Q/Why_is_the_Empire_State_Building_famous # slide=7 & A ; article=Why_is_the_Empire_State_Building_famous

The power of the Asantehene

The Ashanti people constitute one of the major tribes in Ghana. Sustainable Development is synergistic with political stability in Africa. Currently, Ghana is trying to bring a balance between traditional leadership which still exists as one of Africa’s richest and oldest monarchy and the modern democracy that has been successfully achieved after the turbulent political past.Most African communities held traditional posts before annexation by the European, but they discarded these roles after independence, adapting instead, the office of a state president. The presence of the Ashanti king also called the Asantehene, is of controversy because Ghana also holds democratic elections and elects a president who is expected to lead the country.The Ashanti king is the symbol of unity for the Ashanti tribes who are the most influential and populous in the country. Past governments have supported the role of the Ashanti king and have supported the revenues and royalties that are given t o him by the different clans. As such, the Ashanti king has remained economically powerful.This thesis will seek to determine the role and the political power of the Ashanti king in Ghana and his influence in the local and regional politics as opposed to the president. The thesis will also evaluate his significance to the Ashanti people and the power and allegiance the people pay to him.I will seek to demonstrate his position in the international community as compared to the elected presidents’ role.Theoretical discussionDuring the fifteenth century, the Europeans were competing for resources to fund their military expansions as well as to take meet the needs of their growing populations. Different empires from Europe explored to different regions including Africa and discovered the vast resources that the continent had to offer. Their interests changed from those of merely exploring the regions to wealth acquisition (Jackson, 154).West Africa had their initial contact with t he Portuguese in 1470 when the first group landed on the shores of the gold coast forming a trading post for the regions timber, gold and ivory and then converting it to the more profitable slave trade.The region became a hot spot with various countries clamoring to secure the unexploited resources for themselves. The French, the British the Swedish and the Danish communities all rushed to the area competing for trade in any of the resources in West Africa.Ghana’s Ashanti people led by Opemsuo Osei Tutu had already established a growing empire before colonization. The origin of the Ashanti monarchical kingdom arose out of a coalition of the people occupying the Pra and Ofin basins. These basins are located in the Twifo and Adanse regions.The specific clans that formed the coalition to come up with the formidable kingdom were the Aduana, the Asene clan, the Oyoko, the Ekoona and the Bretuo clan. The Denkyiras were among the clans that joined the coalition later after being def eated in warfare. The kingdom was established who succeeded in his attempts of forming a unified force of all the Ashanti states (Goldstein, 238).These states were brought together through a common allegiance to the Golden Stool which is also referred to as the Sika Agua Kofi. It is the symbol of a common soul and heritage for the Ashanti people.Social and cultural changes have been evident in many African communities. African communities had established different political systems that were mainly tribal. After colonization and independence, they developed more unifying political positions which were not founded on tribal tenets but were representative of the whole state.Modernization led Ghana to implement a central democratic government after independence in 1957. This was initially led by Kwame Nkrumah and represented the interest of the country at the international arena.Ghana has continued to support and hold its traditional governance roles while it has also adapted modernity trends by implementing a state position for a democratically elected president. Even after independence, Ghana did not dispense with the traditional role of the Ashanti king and though his main role was leading the people into war, his office has remained mainly ornamental, but the royalties and the revenues he collected are still being demanded from the people of Ghana (Ward, 242).The power of the Ashanti kingdom can be traced back to the colonization era when they formed a common empire in their attempts to resist the British. The power and skills that they held allowed them vast dominion over Ghana allowing them expansion in the area.They entered in to endless wrangles with the British who were more interested in amassing the residents’ wealth for themselves and in 1873 Kumasi which was the epicenter of the Ashanti was captured. After unsuccessfully trying to ward of the British, the British managed to exile King Prempeh.They however realized that they still did have cont rol over the Ashanti since the power and authority was symbolized by the stool which was still with the people. The British mandated the people to hand over the golden stool and this was met with a resistance that even the British had not foreseen (Davidson, 182). This led to wide uprisings and the eventual treaty that saw the area being declared as part of the British protectorate, gold coast.The reign of the Asantehene symbolizes a neo-colonial African government which was able to establish itself as an empire within the region and assume control over a lot of populations in Africa (Jackson, 180).It amassed vast masses of wealth and went on to use these resources to establish one of the best military forces in Africa that successfully posed a challenge to the colonization by the British.Though the political system of the Ashanti has been accused of marginalizing its people by leading them into religious sects and exploiting them by dictatorial rule it is still significant in today ’s society and the values and cultures of the kingdom are inculcated in the day to day affairs of the government and the people (Gocking, 163).In the past, the king was mainly responsible for positioning his people in battle and to this end the king established a strong military force which was responsible for the resulting victories at over other governments as well as in ensuring the entire kingdoms security.The continual overthrow of neighboring territories ensured that the kingdom expanded and increased its pool of resources over all other governments in the region. The king also established a national holidays for example the Odwira festival which is celebrated annually.The role of the king has changed with time (Goldstein, 238). The current king of the Ashanti, who is called Otumfuo Osei Tutu II, committed his reign to improving the national unity of the Ghanaian people. He has committed himself to, issues regarding education, improving land reform and enriching the env ironment. The kings’ role is merely that of implementing a seemingly traditional justice within the Ashanti territory.The relationship between the king and the government has been supportive as evidenced by the relationship between the support that the president of Ghana Ignatius Acheampong gave to the Asantehene Opoku Ware in 1970’s after Ghana acquired independence over the disputes which emerged due to the costs of constructing the kings palace.This is mainly because the Ashanti people have amassed great wealth over the years and currently constitute majority of the governments’ opposition wielding a lot of political power and affluence (Ward, 253).The Asantehene has demonstrated support for the democratically elected president, John Kofuor who is the first president to be elected without violence in the country. The king recently warned the former president Mr. Rawlings and his party against uttering derogatory comments aimed at the current president Kofuor and his government (Davidson, 115).

Biography of Sociologist George Herbert Mead

Biography of Sociologist George Herbert Mead When fields such as psychology and sociology were still new, George Herbert Mead became a leading pragmatist and pioneer of symbolic interactionism, a theory that explores the relationships between people in societies. More than a century after his death, Mead is widely considered to be one of the founders of social psychology, the study of how social environments influence individuals. Having taught at the University of Chicago for much of his career, he is also associated with what is now known as the Chicago school of sociology. Early Years and Education George Herbert Mead was born on  Feb. 27, 1863, in South Hadley, Massachusetts. His father Hiram Mead was a pastor of a local church but moved the family to Oberlin, Ohio to become a professor at Oberlin Theological Seminary in 1870. His mother Elizabeth Storrs Billings Mead also worked as an academic; she taught at Oberlin College and would go on to serve as president of Mount Holyoke College in South Hadley, Massachusetts. In 1879, George Herbert Mead enrolled in Oberlin College, where he pursued a bachelors degree focusing on history and literature, which he completed four years later. After a brief stint as a school teacher,  Mead worked as a surveyor for the Wisconsin Central Railroad Company for a few years. Following that, he enrolled in Harvard University, where he studied psychology and philosophy, but he left in 1888 without a graduate degree. After Harvard, Mead joined his close friend Henry Castle and his sister Helen Kingsbury Castle in Leipzig, Germany, where he enrolled in a Ph.D. program for philosophy and physiological psychology at the University of Leipzig. In 1889, Mead transferred to the University of Berlin, where he began to study economic theory. The University of Michigan offered Mead a teaching position in philosophy and psychology two years later and he stopped his doctoral studies to accept this post, never actually completing his Ph.D. Prior to taking on his new role, Mead married Helen Castle in Berlin. Career At the University of Michigan, Mead met sociologist  Charles Horton Cooley, philosopher  John Dewey, and psychologist Alfred Lloyd, all of whom influenced the development of his thought and written work. Dewey accepted an appointment as the chair of philosophy at the University of Chicago in 1894  and arranged for Mead to be appointed assistant professor in the department of philosophy. Together with James Hayden Tufts, the three formed the nexus of American pragmatism, referred to as the Chicago Pragmatists. Meads Theory of the Self Among sociologists, Mead is most well known for his theory of the self, which he presented in his well-regarded and much-taught book Mind, Self and Society (published in 1934 after his death and edited by Charles W. Morris). Meads theory of the self maintains that the idea people have of themselves stems from social interaction with others. This theory opposes biological determinism  because it holds that  the self does not exist at  birth and may not be present at the beginning of a social interaction, but it is constructed and reconstructed in the process of social experience and activity.​ The self, according to Mead, is made up of two components: the â€Å"I† and the â€Å"me.† The â€Å"me† represents the expectations and attitudes of others (the generalized other) organized into a social self. Individuals define their behavior in reference to the generalized attitude of the social group(s) they occupy. When people can view themselves from the standpoint of the generalized other, self-consciousness in the full sense of the term is attained.  From this standpoint, the generalized other (internalized in the â€Å"me†) is the major instrument of social control, for it is the mechanism by which the community exercises control over the conduct of its individual members. The â€Å"I† is the response to the â€Å"me,† or the person’s individuality. It is the essence of agency in human action. So, in effect, the me is the self as object, while the I is the self as subject. According to Meads theory, the self is developed through three activities: language, play, and game. Language allows people to take on the â€Å"role of the other† and respond to their own behaviors through the symbolized attitudes of others. During play, individuals take on the roles of different people and pretend to be them to express their expectations. This process of role-playing is key to the generation of self-consciousness and to the general development of the self. People must comprehend the rules of the game and internalize the roles of everyone else involved. Meads work in this area spurred the development of symbolic interaction theory, now a major framework within sociology. In addition to Mind, Self, and Society, his major works include 1932s The Philosophy of the Present and 1938s The Philosophy of the Act. He taught at the  University of Chicago until his death on  April 26, 1931. Updated  by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D.