20 Essay Topics About a Teacher Why Is It Difficult to Be a Teacher Today

20 Essay Topics About a Teacher Why Is It Difficult to Be a Teacher Today The first thing a student should take care of when dealing with academic writing is choosing a proper topic.   An essay on a teacher seems to be an easy task for a student but it’s not as easy as it may appear. The main thing is not just to present the information but to understand what it means to be a teacher in the contemporary world. That will help a student choose a captivating topic to reflect it in the paper. 20 Topics to Focus on We offer 20 interesting topics that will help each student write both objective and subjective papers. Pros and Cons of the Authoritative Way of Teaching What Is More Effective: to Teach in the Class or to Teach via Skype? Can a Robot with the Artificial Intelligence Replace a Teacher? A â€Å"Good† Teacher: the Evolution of the Requirements to a Teacher During Last 50 Years Teachers Educate People. Why do IT-specialists Earn More than an Average Teacher Then? Can Self-Learning Modules Substitute a Real Teacher? What Teaching Method Is More Effective Today: Authoritative, Liberal or Democratic? Who Is Considered to Be a Better Teacher: a Man or a Woman? May a Teacher Make Mistakes? What Can the Government Do to Improve the Working Conditions for a Teacher? The Difference between Teachers Who Work in the Third-World Countries and in the Developing Countries Is There Any Difference between a Teacher Who Works at a Traditional Public School and a Teacher Who Works in a Private School? Village Schooling vs. City Schooling: What Teachers Supply Their Students with Better Knowledge Can Teacher’s Style and Look Affect the Teaching Process and Students’ Learning Achievements in a Negative Way? May Teachers and Students Become Friends or Should There Be a Certain Distance between Them? Is Exchange Teaching Effective? How Does a Teacher Benefit When Teaching Abroad? The Role of Missionary Teachers in the Development of Education in the Cities of Central Africa A Teacher Is Going to Be Replaced by His or Her Virtual Hologram. In What Way Can a Tutor Control the Discipline in the Class and Students’ Learning Achievements? What Temperament Suits a Perfect Teacher? (phlegmatic, choleric, melancholic, sanguine person) What Traits of Character Should a Good Teacher Possess Today? A student should think of the urgent problem, create a captivating title, and present the solution in the essay that will be supported by strong facts. Essay Sample on a Teacher: Why Is It Difficult to Be a Teacher Today? Everybody can agree that teaching is a vocation but not a job. You can hardly find a person who wants to be a teacher and hates children. That’s nonsense! Teaching requires too much time because a person works at the school and then gets ready for the lessons (writing plans, searching for information, checking papers, etc.) at home. So, one can state that teachers never rest. That’s why if people don’t consider tutoring to be their cup of tea, it’s better to avoid this profession any way possible. Why is it so hard to be a good teacher today? There are several reasons. First of all, a teacher needs a good education. Still, there are exchange programs which let a non-qualified person work at a school for some period in the USA, Ukraine, and a number of other countries. Such a person doesn’t earn much, though. Those who are qualified teachers have more options. They have opportunities to get a job at a private tutoring, private, and language schools. Sometimes, education means nothing without practice. Students have to pass exams at the end of the study, then undergo two years of practice and then pass an exam again in Germany. Future teachers suffer because in comparison to other countries their salaries are rather high (â‚ ¬3500 when an average salary is â‚ ¬2500) in Germany. Due to that, they can travel and live comfortably. Teachers in other countries cannot boast of having such an income. For example, a Ukrainian or a Russian teacher with minimum experience can hardly pay bills, to say nothing about proper clothing and medical insurance. A person should work at least 15-20 years to get an adequate salary. That’s why too many teachers move abroad in order to supply their families or to find better living conditions. The next thing that prevents people from becoming a teacher is the school itself. Today, not all schools are supplied with proper equipment to use in Chemistry, Biology, Physics, Physical Education, etc. For instance, it’s really hard to practice listening comprehension without a laptop or any other device (Smartboard, tablets, etc.). A teacher of Physics or Chemistry will have problems when explaining different chemical or physical processes without the required equipment (flasks, chemicals, amperemeter, and others). Finally, it’s really hard to motivate pupils and surprise them. Today everyone can watch different videos, listen to various audio-materials, and read a number of articles (or even download them) to learn sciences and languages absolutely free.   That’s why a teacher should prove that his or her assistance is necessary. In addition, a teacher has to show something new and interesting to children in order to make them study and long for knowledge. So, one may conclude that teaching does really need a person who can devote most of the time and efforts to shape someone’s life. In-born teachers should feel satisfaction from the job they do. It’s such a good feeling to see how children who couldn’t say a word in French sing a French song and stage a play at the end of the term. Teachers, who follow their vocation, like to conduct lessons and to spend much time with their students. Teachers should understand that they don’t just supply kids with knowledge on some subject. They educate and inspire an individual. They bring them up and often are treated as an icon of perfectness. Students often want to look, sound, move, and speak like their teachers. So, if you don’t like children and are not ready to deal with self-improvement daily, you’d better not enter a pedagogical university. References: CAZ (2018). How to Teach around the World. https://www.ytravelblog.com/how-to-teach-around-the-world/ Education Degree. 2017 Outlook for Teaching Salaries around the World. https://www.educationdegree.com/articles/teaching-salaries-around-the-world Teacher’s Blog: the Guardians. How Teachers Are Rated in 21 Countries around the World. https://www.theguardian.com/teacher-network/teacher-blog/2013/oct/03/teachers-rated-worldwide-global-survey The International Massmedia Agency (2017). Portrait of the Ukrainian teacher: woman over 40 with a salary of 7000 UAH.   https://intmassmedia.com/2017/10/01/portrait-of-the-ukrainian-teacher-woman-over-40-with-a-salary-of-7000-uah/ L. Garfield and S. Gal. The Best and Worst Countries to Be a Teacher, Based on Salary. https://www.businessinsider.com/teacher-salaries-by-country-2017-5 Teaching Certification. German Teacher Certification. teaching-certification.com/german-teacher-certification.html Global Citizen. 10 Barriers to Education Around the World. https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/10-barriers-to-education-around-the-world-2/

User Psychology How to Make Your Content Strategy More Effective

User Psychology How to Make Your Content Strategy More Effective We spend every single day making decisions. We like to think these decisions are simply choices- from getting dressed to eating dinner, or even small things like which toothpaste to buy- all driven by logic and reason. In truth, the majority of human decision-making is initially influenced by everything but  logic. A complex web of autonomic emotions, desires, and rewards fuels our every choice, and these feelings are ultimately what guide us throughout life. From a marketing perspective, this offers a powerful opportunity to generate a sense of desire and need around our products. But it isn’t enough to simply test or utilize historical data to find out what motivates people. To create desirable products, we must leverage user psychology- a method of understanding the how  and why  consumers make decisions. Armed with this kind knowledge, it becomes possible to create a content marketing strategy  that taps into customer desires and makes our products truly irresistible. How to Make Content Strategy More Effective With User PsychologyApply User Psychology to Your Content Ideas With This Template Later in this post, well cover how to brainstorm emotionally-driven content ideas that connect desires to rewards. But first, download this template to store those ideas, so youll be ready once we reach that point. Why User Psychology Matters User psychology is aimed at understanding subconscious triggers- automatic feelings that we associate with products, services, and experiences. Since triggers influence consumers at every stage of the buying cycle, learning more about them can bridge the gap between basic marketing and effective consumer influencing. Unlike traditional marketing, psychology-driven marketing doesn’t attempt to influence consumers through product features, price or value propositions. So instead of asking questions like, â€Å"How can I boost newsletter signups?† or â€Å"What piece of content is most shareable?† user psychology prompts questions like: What deep desires influence a customer to consider buying our product? When in the buying cycle does our customer feel unsure or abandon our web page? What prompted that feeling of uncertainty? What feelings arise when customers encounter our brand, and how can we strengthen them (or relieve them if they’re negative)? The core difference between traditional marketing and psychology-driven marketing is that the latter prompts marketers to think from the customer’s point of view. Understanding ELMR Effective user psychology strategies are often built upon some variation of the ELMR framework. ELMR, which stands for Emotion, Logic, Motivation, and Reward, helps you see things from the customer’s perspective, and was first coined by Brian Balfour as part of the Reforge  growth series. It’s important to first understand what each of these terms mean, before we can see how they can be applied to a content marketing strategy. Use the ELMR framework to infuse user psychology into your #content #marketing strategy:Emotion We cannot understand customer emotions without first understanding desire. Think of it this way: If a person is happy, it means one of their desires has been fulfilled. If a person is sad, it means they’ve lost or missed out on something they desire. When marketers create messaging that fulfills desire, customers are more likely to associate that product with happiness and joy. As a result, they’re more likely to make a purchase. Logic The next portion of the ELMR framework is logic. After someone has an emotional response to something, they’ll look to rationalize their emotions with a logical reason. Educating a customer about a product's facts, features and competitive details are all ways to appeal to the logical brain and make a customer more confident in their decision. Motivation To motivate someone, we first need to learn what’s preventing them from taking the desired action. How large and influential are these barriers? What can be done to make them smaller and more approachable? Reducing these barriers will make it easier to create a sense of need and motivate people to action. Reward The final portion of ELMR is reward- creating a sense of approval and validation about one’s decision. Reward can come in many forms, but most are either intrinsic or extrinsic. Intrinsic rewards are associated with a product that offers benefit in the form of time, finances or knowledge. Extrinsic rewards tap into personal desire, and usually comprise social or career accomplishments. Recommended Reading: How to Write More Emotional Headlines That Get More Shares Applying ELMR to Your Content Strategy Applying the ELMR framework to your content marketing strategy can help you create more powerful content that in turn influences user triggers. Content that delivers well-timed triggers can drive signups, improve social engagement  and increase conversions. Applying the ELMR framework can help you create more powerful content.Content Marketing and Emotion Humans have and always will be driven by rewards, whether they’re related to finances, career, knowledge, or something else. By thinking from the customer’s point of view, content marketers can determine the rewards associated with their product. According to Nir Eyal, author of Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products,  the most powerful triggers work in tandem with negative emotions. Negative feelings make us feel distressed and distracted. So when a marketing message or piece of content briefly relieves that negative thought, it creates an addictive trigger. As Eyal puts it, â€Å"to make a truly effective hook, we have to capitalize on users’ negative emotions.† So how do we create content that relieves a negative emotion? Consider this Instagram post from Whole Foods as an example: The copy in this post reminds customers that they should be eating an apple a day (a healthy suggestion they’ve been hearing throughout their lives). Assuming that most people don’t eat an apple a day, these words effectively tap into a sense of guilt, or fear about being unhealthy. After triggering these negative emotions, the post offers an overt push, â€Å"make it happen† and suggests a number of healthy, easy recipes. Thinking about eating the recipes in the picture offers relief from the guilt that people feel about not eating enough healthy food. This creates an addictive sense of need that entices people to walk into their nearest Whole Foods and buy a bag of apples and healthy toppings. In your content marketing strategy, consider this: What are my customers afraid of? How does my product or service alleviate that feareven if only for a moment? In your content marketing strategy, consider this: What are my customers afraid of?Content Marketing and Logic Once you’ve determined the emotions that influence your customers, you need to introduce logical rewards that justify those emotions. The logical brain is constantly searching for a quick win of support and justification, and finding a way to influence it isn’t the hard part. What’s most important is that your logical appeal is well-timed and balanced in scale and scope. That way, it creates the right amount of confirmation at the right time, without overwhelming the user or turning them away. To see how this works in blog content, take a look this article on patio furniture from retailer Crate and Barrel. This post, titled â€Å"How to Give Your Patio a Summer Makeover† is filled with logical appeals that justify buying Crate and Barrel’s products. In addition to a smattering of enticing photos featuring gorgeous summer weather (and an adorable dog to boot), the writing is filled with logical queues. In a section on choosing outdoor pillows, the post explains that they’re â€Å"stuffed with quick drying polyester fiberfill† and â€Å"polypropylene yarn.† These product details alone aren’t enough to justify purchasing the pillows. But the sentence that follows, however, is what does the trick: â€Å"In other words, they dry quickly after a rainstorm!† Summer rainstorms are common, and wet patio furniture is a common annoyance for homeowners. The fact that the pillows dry quickly after a rainstorm is a perfect justification for buying these stylish pillows over others. In your content strategy, think about how you can turn a product feature into a relatable story. What do your customers value? How can your content strategy tap into those values in a way that relates to their everyday life? Appeal to your their sense of logic. Tell them something about your story that feels impossible to refute (who can disagree with the benefit of quick-drying patio pillows, for example?). Recommended Reading: The Complete 14-Step Content Strategy That Will Boost Your By 434% Content Marketing and Motivation As we discussed earlier, the motivation portion of user psychology is about reducing barriers to purchase. When you understand the things that prevent your user from buying, you can create content that helps reduce these barriers. If your company is in the retail fashion space, for example, you might automatically think that key barriers are only financial- things like item price or shipping cost. But what about more complex barriers, like how a product fits or whether or not it can be paired well with a person’s existing wardrobe? Fashion retailer Aerie taps into such complex concerns on its branded fashion and lifestyle blog. For example, in the post â€Å"Styling the Cutout Floral Dress with Amanda Oleri† Aerie has a fashion blogger style one of its main seasonal products in her own way. This is more motivational than a simple product page because it provides styling tips from someone that the audience can relate to. This is perhaps the most effective approach for online retailers because it makes the product more approachablecustomers can visualize it for themselves. Regardless of barriers like price, people always have reservations about buying things online. Connecting to your users through an influencer or a blogger helps reduce emotional barriers around sizing, fit and style, making the thought of purchasing items feel more realistic to customers. Recommended Reading: How to Boost Engagement With Micro-Influencers the Right Way Content Marketing and Reward Both intrinsic and extrinsic rewards create an opportunity to influence buyers. However, intrinsic rewards differ more from person to person, making them harder to tap into. Here’s where putting yourself in the customer’s shoes comes in handy. Think about what your target audience values most, on a personal level. Let’s say your target audience is moms. Providing their children with a memorable, happy, and joy-filled childhood is a desire of all moms.  Disney is one brand that consistently taps into these intrinsic desires because it’s based on the idea of an experienceand the happiness and joy it brings. In Disney’s online website series â€Å"Mom Panel Monday,† Disney moms have the opportunity to share what they and their families love about the theme park and other Disney experiential products. This video, â€Å"Moms Panel Monday: A Mom’s Take on Cruising with Disney Cruise Line,†Ã‚  features one mom discussing her family’s experience on a cruise. This strategy is effective because it shows immediate  rewards that a Disney Cruise might bring, like good food, live music and fun games. What’s even more powerful is that it also shows the long-term rewards, like friendships and memories, that a Disney Cruise might bring a mom and her family. By hearing another mom say things about what her family loves and what makes them happy, parents (and moms especially) are motivated to create that experience for their own kids. To truly put yourself in your customer’s shoes, think about what you might have in common with them. If you were them, what would be your primary reason for purchasing your product? Make it a habit of creating marketing content from this perspective. To truly put yourself in your customer’s shoes, think about what you might have in common with...Applying User Psychology and Content Marketing: How to Get Started User psychology’s core method, the ELMR framework, is designed to help you connect with consumers on a deeper, more personal level. It works by exposing the core triggers that motivate your customers to interact with your brand and purchase your products or services. Here are a few easy, effective ways to start applying it to your content strategy. Conduct a Brainstorming Session Before you dive in and start drafting, gather a few team members to help list all the desires a customer might associate with your product. Depending on the size of your team, try to get people from different departments (thus, different perspectives) to help you here. If you’re not sure whose perspectives might be helpful with this exercise, here are some suggestions: Marketing managers Sales representatives Product developers Founders/Leadership Customer support representatives Researchers Data analysts Reach out to your team members and let them know you need their help with a brainstorm, but leave the topic a mystery for now. It will help if everyone comes to the meeting with a fresh mind and no preconceived opinions. This way, the ideas the team comes up with together will trigger new thoughts quickly and on the spot, leading to a dynamic and effective brainstorm. Utilizing something like a whiteboard will be really helpful in jotting down ideas in a flow chart, scatter plot chart or something else that helps you organize quick thoughts. Your chart might begin to look something like this, which means you’re off to a good start: During the brainstorm be sure to write down everyone’s thoughts and ideas, even if something seems silly at the time. The benefit to brainstorming is that you never know what word or thought might ignite your next genius idea. Once your chart seems full, you can thank everyone for their help and get started on distilling the strongest ideas. Recommended Reading: The Best 30-Minute Content Marketing Brainstorming Process Identify Rewards to Connect with your Product Next, you should start considering the intrinsic and extrinsic rewards that your customers could associate with your product. It will be helpful to start a list for this somewhere that you can keep track of, like a Google Spreadsheet. Since you’ve gone through a brainstorm already, this is an opportunity to gather everything in one place, so I suggest using columns in your sheet to organize. Here’s how to do that: Open a Google Spreadsheet and use columns to store the ideas you came up with in your initial team brainstorm, similar to this: Now use additional columns to jot down intrinsic and extrinsic rewards associated with your product. If you need some ideas, here are some examples of topics that fall under each category: Let’s take the desires we identified above, for example, to identify a few rewards that someone might gain as a result of buying your product: Desire: To be more attractive   Rewards: Social acceptance, personal confidence, looking great Desire: To learn something new every day   Rewards: Impressing others, personal satisfaction, new skills Desire: To accomplish something on your own   Rewards: Sense of self-worth, personal confidence, task completion Now think about how to position those rewards clearly to customers in a meaningful and relatable way. The positioning ideas you come up with can be directly translated into new content pieces, so add those ideas to your spreadsheet in a final column for easy reference later on. Analyze Your Current Messaging Chances are, the topics and ideas you’ve identified through the process above may have led you towards value propositions and positioning statements that haven’t yet been part of your brand’s core messaging. This is a good thing! You’re now thinking about marketing from a psychological perspective. You can now take a look at your current marketing messages with fresh perspective. If you haven’t done so already, creating a "Core Message Document" can help to collect everything in one place. That will allow you to easily edit, or built upon, your brand positioning which will be reflected in all of your content pieces. Use your new psychological perspective and include these points in your Core Message Document: Vision Mission Statements. What does your product and company strive for? Think about the emotions you hope to trigger when connecting with your customers. Positioning Statement.  What do you do better than anyone else? Think about how you can help your customers gain intrinsic and extrinsic rewards most effectively. Elevator Pitch.  How would you describe your product and company in under 30 seconds? Try to touch quickly on Emotion, Logic, Motivation, and Rewards. Taglines Slogans.  What is your product or company all about? Try to elicit an emotional response or use something that a customer might quickly associate with a reward. Key Messages.  What are three things you want everyone to know about your product? Identify a few key points and jot down short paragraphs for each. This is a great place to focus on the rewards you’ve identified! Competitive Differentiation.  How do your key messages set you apart from competitors? Think about how you can help your customers achieve their desires in a way that no one else in the market can. Value Propositions. What is the value of your product in the mind of the customer? Take extra care here to stretch that psychological muscle you’ve been strengthening throughout this whole process. Benefit Statements.  What is the benefit of buying your product? You’ve already done the hard part on this one, these can be directly tied to the rewards you’ve identified. After all of this, you should have new ideas from a healthy brainstorm session to help customers psychologically connect with your product, and a hefty document full of fresh message points to weave into future content pieces. When applied to your content strategy, user psychology can create an addictive product that keeps customers coming back for more. Just remember to step out of your own head and think like your target audience- empathy drives better customer interactions, which leads to true authenticity. And as with all good marketing experiments: test, measure, and repeat.

Same Sex Marriage Revelation through Media Assignment

Same Sex Marriage Revelation through Media - Assignment Example From the discussion it is clear that  while Murray dwells upon both sides of the truth, he is also capable to striking at the empathy of the audience by appealing to equality as well as religion for the religious fanatics. Although majority of republicans conform to the norm that states should have the right to formulate their laws themselves, but Congress approves of the Defense of Marriage Act which indicates that marriages performed in other states shall be ignored and the federal denies the recognition of legal gay marriages. Using relevant quotes of scholarly critics, the Murray shows how the law and the politics meet at the flash point, which is the same sex marriage.  This essay highlights that  quite skillfully, both the authors here have avoided laying too much emphasis on the case for same sex marriage and never give any personal opinion of theirs throughout the article. They merely highlight the reality and incidence of same sex marriages.   At the same time they i dentify the legal and political dimensions which support the case in favor of the issue rather than supporting the issue themselves. At the same time they project the opposing opinions of critics and finally by highlighting the legal court cases, they try to prove that same sex marriages are being accepted by the law at a stage where ‘equality’ demands of utmost attention.  Murray is liberal in his outlook and also point out another reality that this is such an issue regarding which different states differ in their judgments.

Public Policy Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Public Policy Analysis - Assignment Example The strength of this framework lies in that it takes into consideration, all the actors at play, and their mutual dynamics, in a given policy situation. The shortcomings in the prevailing, stages heuristic theory, the problems with both â€Å"top-down and bottom-up approaches†, and the lacunae in the existing theories with respect to â€Å"scientific and technical information† had prompted the birth of the Advocacy Coalition Framework (Weible, Sabatier and McQueen, 122). This theory has looked at policy change as an attribute of several factors, namely, science and technology, time span, â€Å"policy subsystems†, and individual â€Å"beliefs† (Weible, Sabatier and McQueen, 122). It is the collective action of different advocacy groups that form into a temporary coalition on a specific issue (even if these groups differ among them on other issues) that is projected as a catalyst for policy change, according to this theory (Birkland, 300). Both the subsystem events and changes in the external policy environment have been viewed by this framework as to cause policy change (Weible, Sabatier and McQueen, 123-4). ... The basic notion of this theory has been that â€Å"individuals- acting alone, or within organizations- are utility-maximizing, rational individuals who are goal-oriented and use near-perfect information to weigh a range of options before adopting the optimal choice based on their calculation of costs and benefits† (Birkland, 302). This is a rule-based framework (where rules are implicit rather than binding), where policy changes are determined by â€Å"encompassing efficiency, equity, accountability, â€Å"conformance to general morality†, (†¦), and adaptability† (Birkland, 304). From this theoretical perspective, the actors who bring about policy change are acting either â€Å"as individuals or as groups functioning as a corporate actor† (Warne, 20). This theory has also envisaged a three tier process of policy creation/change, the tiers being, â€Å"operational tier (†¦) collective tier (†¦) (and) constitutional tier† (Warne, 20-21 ). My personal experiences and understanding of public policy suggest that the Advocacy Coalition Framework has succeeded in identifying the wider and specific aspects of policy making and integrating them beautifully, but it has failed to notice that all negotiations can happen only within the given legal and moral realm. On the other hand, the theory of Institutional Rational Choice has stressed the universal aspect of a policy choice. It has been successful in incorporating the coalition element of the Advocacy Coalition Framework, as one among its three tier model and has thus went beyond the Advocacy Coalition Framework to put forth a more comprehensive theoretical model. But all the same, the Institutional

Opto-Electronics for Communications: Spectrum Analysis

Opto-Electronics for Communications: Spectrum Analysis This experiment studies the wavelengths of the colours in the spectrum of a light source. I will measure the angle at which colour splits. I will carry out this experiment with three different light sources: Tungsten LED Laser Diode Light Source Spectrum The electromagnetic spectrum describes all the wavelengths. It ranges from the smallest waves possible, radio waves to the largest waves, Gamma radiation. All different size waveforms have different uses. Energy Frequency Wavelength Radiation type Typical use Lowest Lowest Longest Radio waves Television signals Microwaves Cooking, mobile phones Infrared Optical fibre communication Visible light Seeing Ultraviolet Detecting forged bank notes X-rays Medical images of bones Highest Highest Shortest Gamma radiation Killing cancer cells The only Electromagnetic waves we can see are Visible Light Waves. We see visible light waves as colours of the rainbow. Each different colour has its own wavelength different to the others. The longest wavelength is Red, with the shortest wavelength being Violet. The combination of all the light wave colours makes white light. Diffraction We can see each colour of the Visible light spectrum by shining a white light through a prism. By diffraction, the white light splits apart into different colours of visible light. Water vapour can carry out the same effect of diffraction, and the result is a rainbow. Gratings A diffraction grating is a slide with a number of parallel slits drawn on it. The slits are very small, usually 600 per 1mm. When a beam of light is directed at the grating, light will diffract of it and the light is dispersed in certain directions only. This is commonly used to separate colours of the incident light because the diffracted light has different angles according to: All equipment used for this experiment was taken from the PASCO Educational Spectrophotometer Accessory Kit Rotary Motion Sensor Aperture Bracket Light Source PASCO data acquisition software High Sensitivity Light Sensor Equipment Setup Set up the Spectrophotometer next to your chosen light source as shown in Figure 2. Mask the light source with Collimating Slits so it transmits a thin 0.5 to 1.0 cm beam. A hood should be used over the light source to remove any distortion in the experiment results. Align the light source. Turn on the light source and align the light beam by adjusting the Collimating Slits, Collimating Lens and Focusing Lens so a clear image of the central ray appear on the light sensor. Connect the Light Sensor and Rotary Motion Sensor to channels A and B of the PASCO computer interface. Software Setup Open the PASCO data acquisition software. Connect Digital channels 1 and 2 to the Rotary Motion Sensor. Connect Analog Channel A to the Light Sensor. Set up parameters for the Rotary Motion Sensor. A sample rate of 20 Hz with a high resolution of 1440 Divisions per Rotation. Use the PASCO softwares calculator function to calculate the Actual Angular Position based on the Angular Position measurement made by the Rotary Motion Sensor. The measured Angular Position should be divided by 2à Ã¢â€š ¬. Data Recording Setup In the PASCO data acquisition software, select the graph mode. Select the vertical axis as Light Intensity, and Horizontal axis as Actual Angular Position. Turn off the lights in the laboratory to ensure the results are as accurate as possible and no background light interferes. On the top of the light sensor select the appropriate gain setting. Different light sources will require different settings. Select Start Recording Data Turn the light sensor slowly in one complete circle. This will scan through the first order spectrum lines and data will be recorded in the PASCO data acquisition software. Select Stop Recording Data Data Analysis Setup The size of the wavelength can be calculated by analysing the results of the experiments and using the gratings equation. By using a visible light spectrum, we can determine what colour the light is from the size of the calculated waveform. Wavelength Measure the two peaks, R1and R2 Use the visible light wavelength spectrum below to find out what the wavelegth is Tungsten Light Source Dating back to the 1800s, Tungsten light sources are the oldest and most tested light source invented. They first became commercialised by Thomas Edison at the end of the century, leading on to the first light fittings, named after Edison himself. The Edison Screw or ES. A Tungsten filament is the key element to a Tungsten light source. Light is emitted from the filament when it is heated. The filament is heated by passing current through it. This is possible because of the high amount of current passing through such a small conductor. Inert gas such as Argon usually surrounds the conductor to ensure that it does not ignite. 95% of the energy from a Tungsten light source is wasted in the form of heat. Only 5% of the energy is actually used in the form of visible light. This makes it a very inefficient light source. Being a blackbody radiator, a Tungsten light source has a continuous spectrum of light. It generates a high amount of red light compared to natural day light, which gives it the yellow tint. Beyond the visible light spectrum a Tungsten light source even emits infrared wavelengths. This is a waste of energy as it cannot be seen by the human eye. On the next page are the results from the PASCO data acquisition software whilst carrying out the experiment procedure using a Tungsten light source. The light sensor was set to have a gain setting of 100 because of the large spectrum that the wavelength covers. Peak to peak wavelength: Infrared Waveform Trough to trough: Ultraviolet Waveform My experiment results show that the Tungsten light source is emitting wavelengths in the range of 317.88 to 895.14nm. The Tungsten light source is a warm white light as well as Infrared and Ultraviolet light. LED Light Source A LED or Light Emitting Diode is a semiconductor that gives out light when current is passed through it. It is a much more efficient method of emitting light compared to more conventional light sources such as Incandescent lights or Fluorescent lights because less heat is generated, resulting in less heat loss. As well as being more energy efficient compared to Incandescent light sources, LED light sources have a much longer operational time. At the end of an Incandescent lights life the filament will burn out, resulting in the bulb not emitting light. A LED light source after 50,000 hours of use will start to become dimmer and emit less light. The result of this is a light source that lasts a lot longer. The first commercial LED light sources developed were by Hewlett Packard in 1968 to replace indicator lamps. At this time, only LEDs emitting red light were available. Only later on in 1994 were LEDs that emitted blue light first demonstrated by Isamu Akasaki and Hiroshi Amano, who went on to be awarded the 2014 Nobel Prize in physics for their discovery. With the invention of blue coloured LEDs, the invention of white LEDs became apparent. The white LED is a combination of LEDs that emit red, green and blue light. This then led to the LED light source revolution we currently live within. The working principle behind a LED is what is called a P-N Junction. A P-N junction will convert electric current into visible light. This is often called electroluminescence. Colour Wavelength (nm) Typical Material Used Infrared > 760 Gallium arsenide Red 610 to 760 Aluminium gallium arsenide Orange 590 to 610 Gallium arsenide phosphide Yellow 570 to 590 Gallium arsenide phosphide Green 500 to 570 Gallium phosphide Blue 450 to 500 Zinc selenide Violet 400 to 450 Indium gallium nitride Ultraviolet Indium gallium nitride White Broad Spectrum Cool white is a blue LED combined with a yellow phosphor. Warm white is a blue LED combined with a orange phosphor. Table 1: Wavelengths of each colour LED Above is a table outlining the individual wavelengths for each colour that is produced by Light Emitting Diodes. The most common type of LED light source shines line in a single direction. The result of this is a light bulb that only lights up a small area. To correct this problem for use as light sources to light up areas and not as indication lights, most LED light sources are coupled with reflective plates that distribute the light evenly around the room. On the next page are the results from the PASCO data acquisition software whilst carrying out the experiment procedure using a LED light source. The light sensor was set to have a gain setting of 100 because of the large spectrum that the wavelength covers. Peak 1 Peak to peak wavelength: Yellow Waveform Trough to trough: Green Waveform Peak 2 Peak to peak wavelength: Blue Waveform Trough to trough: Blue Waveform My experiment results show that the LED light source is emitting visible light in the ranges of 388 to 473nm and 514 to 583nm. The LED is emitting a combination of yellow and blue to create a cool white colour. White LED By combining yellow and blue waveforms, a cool white colour is formed. This is carried out by lining a blue LED with yellow phosphor. Both yellow and blue photons are emitted. This method of creating white light is much more effective than the more conventional LED RGB method of combining red, green and blue waveforms. This effect was discovered by Sir Isaac Newton in the early 1700s when he was performing colour matching experiments. The colour temperature of the white LED light source is controlled by the thickness of the yellow phosphor that is coated onto the blue LED. Over time, the yellow phosphor will degrade and so the colour characteristics of the LED light source will change. Operating at high temperatures can accelerate this. Laser Light Source Laser is an acronym of Light amplification by simulated emission of radiation. A laser light source emits light when electrons in the atoms of gases become excited by absorbing energy from electrical current. Electrons travel from the lower energy point to the higher energy point around the atoms nucleus. When they travel back from the higher point to their resting state the electrons emit visible light. The wavelength of the photons emitted are constant and coherent, unlike ordinary visible light from other light sources. This means that only one wavelength of light is emitted from a laser light source, resulting in only one specific colour. Also because of this, the light is not diffused like a conventional light source. The light emitted is a very tight beam. The result of this is a beam of light that can travel much further than other light sources. By harvesting the narrow powerful light, laser light sources have various applications such as: Entertainment Laser light shows are created by bouncing different lasers into each other to create special effects Computing Lasers can be used as a form of communication due to the high speed of light. The most common application is fibre optics. Production Due to the high amount of energy concentrated in a laser light source, they can be used in production to cut a range of materials. Optical Fibre Communications Information in the form of coded light of infrared signals are carry across Optical Fibres. The information carried across Optical Fibres can be much more than an ordinary copper data cable of the same diameter. An optical fibre is a very thin shard of glass. Next to no light is absorbed by the glass. Light is carried from one end to the other by total internal reflection (TIR), even when the fibre is bent. The signals in optical fibres do not weaken as much over long distances as the signals in ordinary cables. The laser diode that is used for optical fibre communications is typically either 850nm, 1300nm or 1550nm. This means that the waveform used is in the infrared field of the electromagnetic spectrum. We use infrared because the attenuation if the fibre is less at infrared wavelengths. On the next page are the results from the PASCO data acquisition software whilst carrying out the experiment procedure using a LED light source. The light sensor was set to have a gain setting of 10 because of the small spectrum that the wavelength covers. Peak to peak wavelength: Red Waveform Trough to trough: Red Waveform My experiment results show that the laser light source is emitting visible light in the range of 624 to 690nm. The laser is emitting a red light. The overall results of the spectrum experiment look unique to each other. All three light sources have different spectra to each other. The Tungsten light source has a wide range across the spectrum covering all the visible colours, as well as ultraviolet light to infrared. The LED light source has a much smaller range across the spectrum compared to the Tungsten light source by only emitting waveforms that combine colours to create a cool white effect. The Laser light source had the smallest range on the visible light spectrum, only covering the colour red. This light source is much more concentrated on one area of the spectrum compared to the other light sources. From the results, I can see why each type of light source is used for its applications. Tungsten light sources cover all colours within the visible light spectrum, and so they are good for illuminating objects, in the form of a light bulb. LED light sources only cover specific colours within the visible light spectrum, and so they are good for indication lamps and signals. Laser light sources only cover one area of the light spectrum and therefor used for communications. Laser diode light sources are the key piece of equipment for optical communications because of the small wavelength that they emit. This small wavelength can be interpreted as data signals and used as optical communications. The overall results of this experiment where great. The result were exactly how I predicted them to be. If I could change anything about the experiment, it would be the Tungsten light source. I would use a larger light source as the Tungsten light source used was not very effective during the experiment. Dr Yongkang Gong University of South Wales Lecturer For teaching me about light waves Christopher Edwards Alex Houston Daniel Price University of South Wales Students For taking part in this series of experiments. BBC. (n.d.). Introduction to light waves. Retrieved from BBC Bite Size. Lighting Research Centre. (n.d.). How is white light made with LEDs? Retrieved from http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/nlpip/lightingAnswers/led/whiteLight.asp NASA. (n.d.). What Wavelength Goes With a Color? Retrieved from https://science-edu.larc.nasa.gov/EDDOCS/Wavelengths_for_Colors.html PASCO. (n.d.). Educational Spectrophotometer Accessory Kit and System. Photon Start. (n.d.). How LEDs Produce White Light. Retrieved from http://www.photonstartechnology.com/learn/how_leds_produce_white_light Physics Education. (n.d.). What is electromagnetic radiation? Retrieved from http://cmb.physics.wisc.edu/pub/tutorial/spectrum.html Physics Forums. (n.d.). LED light diffraction . Retrieved from https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/led-light-diffraction-scattering.211563/ Science World. (n.d.). Retrieved from Wolfram: http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/physics/SnellsLaw.html Snells Law Explained. (n.d.). Retrieved from Hyper Physics: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/geoopt/refr.html The Law of Refraction. (n.d.). Retrieved from Math Fundimentals: https://www.math.ubc.ca/~cass/courses/m309-01a/chu/Fundamentals/snell.htm TIR. (n.d.). Retrieved from Physics Class Room: http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/refrn/Lesson-3/Total-Internal-Reflection X-Rite. (n.d.). What is a spectrophotometer? Retrieved from http://www.xrite.com/learning/other-resources/what-is-a-spectrophotometer

Class Room Survey on Mobile Phones Essay

Mobile Mania A Classroom survey on mobile phones Mobile phone is a smart communication media. Every day around the world, billions of people are using a mobile. Whether they are using while driving vehicles, watching television or speaking on the phone, all these are classified under a single sub-heading: Mobile Mania. Millions of people own a mobile phone these days, and mobiles are no more a luxury or a life style product. Mobile phones, which were one of the beautiful possessions of anybody not until a decade ago, have now become a necessity to the common man. Table-1 Brand used Mobile phones are a common form of contacting others who may live on the other side of the world. But gone are the days when people used it only for communication purpose. The roles of mobile phones are varied and a survey conducted among 60 students of JSB helps the researcher to reveal the use of mobile phones apart from basic communication. In this study, the researcher has analyzed the brand preference of mobile phone. The analysis of the data is based on the attitude or opinion, consumer awareness and selection of brand of mobile phones in JSB.

The Legal Drinking Age Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1539 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Drinking Age More lives have been saved in the last two years alone by safety belts and air bags than have been saved in the 30 years since the adoption of the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984, making the Legal Age to consume alcohol 21 (McCardell). According to the above quote it is shown that increasing the legal drinking age to 21 has done nothing: it is more common to be saved by a seatbelt and airbag in a car accident than it was before increasing the legal drinking age to 21. Lowering the drinking age to 18 will cause less temptation and urge to drink at a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“non-legalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  age. This will also create more honesty among young adults with the simple fact them knowing it is legal and they arenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t breaking a law. People would be less sneaky about it and it would make drinking a lot safer. After all it is considered to be an adult at 18 and it is legal to purchase tobacco products, get a tattoo, vote, and even de fend our country. If the government is worried about the health risks then it shouldnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t be allowed to purchase tobacco at 18 either. A logical legal drinking age is 18. This topic is extremely relevant to todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s society because it is such a part the social world we live. Drinking alcohol is often the focal point of most social events including; church, weddings, concerts, sporting events, restaurants, bars, and many private parties. In some countries including Belgium, Denmark and Germany, 16-year-olds are permitted to buy beer and wine (Griggs). Other countries such as, Iceland, Japan, South Korea and Thailand, young adults have the opportunity to drink at the age of 18 (Griggs). Prohibiting the consumption of alcohol publically encourages students and young adults to drink behind closed doors and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“pre-gameà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  before heading out to parties or concerts where they know they canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t consume alcohol lawfull y. This behavior is much more likely to result in an overdose, leading to disorderly conduct and no one getting medical help if or when it is needed (Huffington Post). Lowering the legal drinking age to 18 will create less underage drinking and less temptation to drink. Increasing the drinking age to 21 hasnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t stopped kids and young adults from drinking (CBSnews). In the 1980à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s when the legal drinking age increased to 21 the goal was to decrease the amount of highway fatalities there were. Experts believe that the increased drinking age has led to a significant breakthrough in excessive drinking among kids and young adults (CBSnews). Its not shocking to hear that the legal drinking age is one of Americas commonly violated drug laws, however many have yet to realize that having such a high minimum age is doing more harm than good (Huffington Post). Truthfulness, sincerity, or frankness are all characteristics of honesty. Being honest in todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s society is rare. Around the age of 18 is when young adults want to experiment with things like alcohol and tobacco products. Tobacco products, especially, because the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“legalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  age to purchase tobacco is 18. With the way society has changed ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s become à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“coolà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  to go to parties and drink with your friends. However, with this being an illegal action, kidà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s feel they need to do it behind à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“closed doorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  and into a very unsafe environment (CBSnews). This is not good for multiple reasons, kids are inexperienced and donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t know how much is too much and its common for à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“friendsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  to pressure friends into doing unsafe things. For example, drinking games have become a popular thing to do among young adults (CBSnews). When teens take part in drinking games this leads to too much alcohol in a too short of a time period leading to getting sick, getting hurt or hurting someone else, passing out, or even dying. If something were to happen at a party where there wasnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t anyone aware there was drinking and someone were to become severely intoxicated and in harmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s way, someone underage is less likely to get help or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“fess upà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  due to it being illegal. This is where it becomes harmful and dangerous (CBSnews). Cops have to limit underage drinking due to it being illegal. It is the law. With that being said this is an unenforceable law (CBSnews). John McCradell founder of Choose Responsibly points out that the 21 year old legal drinking age limit hasnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t reduced binge drinking and that its unreasonable to tell some adults who are able to join the military, gamble, and get married that theyre not responsible enough to drink (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Is the National Drinking Age Doing More Harm than Good?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ). Underage drink ing is strongly associated with many health and social problems among youth including alcohol-impaired driving, physical fighting, poor school performance, sexual activity, and smoking too (Fact Sheets Age 21 Minimum Legal Drinking Age). If the government is truly convinced that lowering the drinking age will cause health factors among young adults then the purchase of tobacco products should be unlawful until the age of 21 also. Tobacco has no health benefits and is harmful to others if smoking cigarettes. There are, however, studies to support that in moderations alcohol can have health benefits. Some believe that the age of 8 or maybe even 6 could be the minimum legal drinking age in the U.S (Griggs). Lowering the drinking age to such young ages would allow parents to educate their children about alcohol and remove the enticement, which makes rebellious teenagers sneak off to basements and cars to binge drink without adult supervision. The Puritan ethic has really shaped the way alcohol is regulated in the U.S., Martinic said. According to Brandon Griggs Alcohol is seen more as a drug, and not something thats integrated into everyday life. Marjana Martinic says à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“18 is viewed (by most countries) pretty much as a reasonable age limit, after all at the age of 18 is when you legally become an adult and become responsible for everything. It may be assumed that many young adults are too immature to drink at age 18 and that it is unhealthy. Drinking is unhealthy if too much is being consumed in short amount of time causing intoxication ;if alcohol is consumed excessively every day or if drinking large amount of alcohol infrequently ( binge drinking). Some research speculates that some young adult livers may not be a fully developed at the age of 18, like that of an adult at the age of 21and that drinking may predispose on to liver problems. Many studies however support that drinking responsibly has proven to be not all that harmful for most peop le. Too much alcohol intake contributes to more than 4,300 deaths among underage youth under the age of 21 in the United States each year (Fact Sheets). With that being said young and inexperienced drinkers donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t know how to regulate what truly is too much other than to pass out or black out. About 2 in 3 high school undergraduates who drink do so to the point of intoxication, that is, they binge drink (defined as having five or more drinks in a row), typically on multiple occasions (Fact Sheets). No studies have determined a direct cause and effect result between a higher drinking age and reduced drunk driving fatalities. In addition, there have been numerous studies completed that have found no correlation between the drinking age and other alcohol related harms such as, vandalism, suicide and homicides. Unfortunately supporters of a heightened drinking age only focus on drunk driving rather than the other off-road harmful effects of excessive alcohol that go i n hand with underage drinking (Huffington Post). A logical drinking age is 18. It makes more sense to do away with this law simply because ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s a law cops canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t control (CBS news). There are not significant studies to support the drunk driving fatalities platform in which the lower drinking age was based on. Legally an adult is 18. If at 18 years of age an individual is held legally accountable for their actions then it should be lawful to drink at 18 and pay the consequences of drinking irresponsibly. Works Cited CBSNews. The Debate On Lowering The Drinking Age. CBSNews. CBS Interactive, 19 Feb. 2009. Web. 17 Sept. 2014. lt;https://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-debate-on-lowering-the-drinking-age/2/gt;. Commerce, The Ohio Department Of, and Division Of Liquor Control. SUMMARY OF OHIOà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢S 21 DRINKING AGE LAW. SUMMARY OF OHIOà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢S 21 DRINKING AGE LAW (n.d.): n. pag. THE OHIO DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE DIVISION OF LIQUO R CONTROL. STATE OF OHIO, Sept. 2004. Web. 17 Sept. 2014. lt;https://www.publicsafety.ohio.gov/waitl_learn_live/drinkagelaw.pdfgt;. Fact Sheets Age 21 Minimum Legal Drinking Age. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 24 Mar. 2014. Web. 17 Sept. 2014. lt;https://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/fact-sheets/mlda.htmgt;. Griggs, Brandon. Should the U.S. Lower Its Drinking Age? CNN. Cable News Network, 01 Jan. 1970. Web. 16 Sept. 2014. lt;https://www.cnn.com/2014/07/16/us/legal-drinking-age/gt;. McCardell, John. Choose Responsibility. Legal Age 21. Choose Responsibility, n.Web. 17 Sept. 2014. lt;https://www.chooseresponsibility.org/legal_age_21/gt;. Tracy, Sam. Is the National Drinking Age Doing More Harm Than Good? The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 23 Jan. 2014. Web. 17 Sept. 2014. lt;https://www.huffingtonpost.com/sam-tracy/national-drinking-age-doing-more-harm_b_4629417.htmlgt;. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Legal Drinking Age Essay" essay for you Create order